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Antistress and anti-aging activities of Caenorhabditis elegans were enhanced by Momordica saponin extract

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Abstract

Background

Momordica saponin extract (MSE) was found to not only improve longevity and neuroprotection but also alleviate fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans in our previous study. However, the lipid-lowering activity of MSE alone could not fully explain its ability to improve health, so the antistress effects of MSE were further studied.

Methods

Using C. elegans as an in vivo animal, the lifespan of MSE-treated C. elegans under various stressors (H2O2, paraquat and heat) and normal conditions was studied. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of MSE were discussed. To study the underlying mechanisms, the expression of stress resistance genes and the resistance of related mutants to H2O2 stress were tested.

Results

MSE significantly improved the lifespan of C. elegans under stress and normal conditions. Meanwhile, the mobility of C. elegans was also improved. Moreover, the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG were elevated. Consistently, the levels of ROS and lipid oxidation (the NEFA and MDA content) were reduced. Furthermore, MSE treatment upregulated the expression of the sod-3, sod-5, clt-1, clt-2, hsp-16.1 and hsp-16.2 genes. All biomarkers indicated that the antistress and anti-aging activities of MSE were due to its strong antioxidant activities. Finally, MSE induced nuclear DAF-16::GFP localization. Studies with mutants revealed that skn-1 and hsf-1 were involved in the activity of MSE, which might upregulate the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes.

Conclusions

Therefore, in addition to its lipid-lowering property, the ability of MSE to improve healthspan was also attributed to the stress resistance effect. Together, MSE might serve as a lead nutraceutical in geriatric research.

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Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Aβ :

Amyloid-β

CAT:

Catalase

E. coli OP50:

Escherichia coli strain OP50

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

IIS:

Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling

HSF:

Heat shock transcription factor

HSP:

Heat shock protein

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

mL:

Milliliter

mol:

Molar

MSE:

Momordica saponins extract

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

NGM:

Nematode growth medium

polyQ:

Polyglutamine

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

μL:

Microliter

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Acknowledgements

Strain N2, GR1307, CF1553 and TK22 were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center at University of Minnesota. Strain TJ356, EU1 and PS3551 were provided by Prof. Qinghua Zhou (Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangdong Province, China).

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31700501); The Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2017A020208042); The National Key R&D Program (2016YFD0600806).

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  1. Chunxiu Lin and Yue Chen have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China

    Chunxiu Lin, Yue Chen, Yizi Lin, Xuebei Wang, Lanyun Hu, Yong Cao & Yunjiao Chen

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Lin, C., Chen, Y., Lin, Y. et al. Antistress and anti-aging activities of Caenorhabditis elegans were enhanced by Momordica saponin extract. Eur J Nutr 60, 1819–1832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02338-6

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