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The effect of inulin and resistant maltodextrin on weight loss during energy restriction: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate the additive effects of combining energy restriction with dietary fibres on change in body weight and gut microbiota composition.

Methods

The study was a 12-week randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel intervention trial. A total of 116 overweight or obese participants were assigned randomly either to 10 g inulin plus 10 g resistant maltodextrin or to 20 g of placebo supplementation through 400 mL of milk a day, while on a − 500 kcal/day energy restricted diet.

Results

Altogether, 86 participants completed the intervention. There were no significant differences in weight loss or body composition between the groups. The fibre supplement reduced systolic (5.35 ± 2.4 mmHg, p = 0.043) and diastolic (2.82 ± 1.3 mmHg, p = 0.047) blood pressure to a larger extent than placebo. Furthermore, a larger decrease in serum insulin was observed in the placebo group compared to the fibre group (− 26.0 ± 9.2 pmol/L, p = 0.006). The intake of fibre induced changes in the composition of gut microbiota resulting in higher abundances of Parabacteroides and Bifidobacteria, compared to placebo. The effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism were mainly observed in women, and could be attributed to a higher gut microbiota diversity after intervention. Finally, the fibre group experienced a higher degree of gastrointestinal symptoms, which attenuated over time.

Conclusions

Supplementation of inulin and resistant maltodextrin did not provide an additional weight loss during an energy-restricted diet, but reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, the fibre supplement did stimulate the growth of potentially beneficial bacteria genera.

Clinical trial registry

The study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03135041.

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Abbreviations

ALAT:

Alanine aminotransferase

ASAT:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CPM:

Counts per minute

E%:

Energy percent

FDR:

False discovery rate

FFA:

Free fatty acids

HbA1c:

Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c

Hgb:

Haemoglobin

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance

hsCRP:

High-sensitive C reactive protein

ITT:

Intention to treat

kcal:

Calories

kJ:

Kilojoule

LMM:

Linear mixed model

OTU:

Operational taxonomic unit

PC:

Principal coordinates

PCoA:

Principal coordinate analysis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PP:

Per protocol

ppm:

Parts per minute

RDP:

Ribosomal Database Project

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

SD:

Standard deviation

SE:

Standard error

VAS:

Visual analogue scale

WBC:

White blood cells

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the participants and the study staff (scientific employees, dieticians, kitchen staff, laboratory technicians, bachelor and master students) involved in the intervention study at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen. The authors would also like to thank Christian Ritz for statistical advice on data analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program, Grant agreement no. 613979 (MyNewGut).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    Anne Lundby Hess, Trine Blædel, Lesli Hingstrup Larsen & Thomas Meinert Larsen

  2. Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council IATA-CSIC, C/Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain

    Alfonso Benítez-Páez & Yolanda Sanz

  3. Corporación Alimentaria Peñasanta S.A., Asturias, Spain

    Jose Ramón Iglesias & Carmen Madera

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  7. Yolanda Sanz
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  8. Thomas Meinert Larsen
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the MyNewGut Consortium

Contributions

TB, LHL, YS and TML designed research; JRI and CM designed and provided the intervention products; ALH, ABP and TML conducted research; ALH and ABP analysed data; ALH and ABP drafted the paper and had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Anne Lundby Hess or Alfonso Benítez-Páez.

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Conflict of interest

All the authors declare to have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Data described in the manuscript, code book, etc. can be made available upon request pending on application and approval. The raw fasta sequences generated from the 16S amplicon sequencing of faecal DNA are publicly available at the MG-RAST server [1] upon the project accession number mgp88216.

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Hess, A.L., Benítez-Páez, A., Blædel, T. et al. The effect of inulin and resistant maltodextrin on weight loss during energy restriction: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention. Eur J Nutr 59, 2507–2524 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02099-x

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