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The amounts and contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to total water intake of young adults in Baoding, China

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the amounts and contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to total water intake (TWI), to explore the drinking pattern, and to compare the amount of TWI with the recommendations of China and EFSA among young adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was implemented with 159 young adults aged 18–23 years from Hebei, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Differences between groups stratified according to the distribution of TWI were compared using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis H test. General linear models were used to identify the variations in TWI due to total drinking fluids and water from food.

Results

In total, 156 subjects (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. Approximately 80.1% of them did not meet the TWI recommended by China, while 50.0% did not meet that recommended by the EFSA. Participants with higher TWI had greater amounts of total drinking fluids, water rom food and water than their counterparts with lower TWI. The regression between total drinking fluids and TWI was R2 = 0.8526 (P < 0.05) and that between water from food and TWI was R2 = 0.4650 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

A large proportion of young adults have insufficient TWI. Participants with lower TWI would not compensate with water from food. The variances in TWI among participants were mainly due to differences in total drinking fluids. There is an urgent need to improve the fluids intake behaviors of young adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China

    Jianfen Zhang, Na Zhang, Hairong He, Yifan Xu, Hao Cai, Xiaohui Guo & Guansheng Ma

  2. Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China

    Jianfen Zhang, Na Zhang, Hairong He, Hao Cai, Xiaohui Guo & Guansheng Ma

  3. Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 212 Yuhua Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, China

    Shuxin Liang, Yan Wang & Shuzhuo Liu

  4. Hebei University Health Science Center, 342 Yuhua Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, China

    Shufang Liu & Lixin Ma

  5. Chinese Nutrition Society, 6 Guang An Men Nei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China

    Songming Du

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  1. Jianfen Zhang
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  2. Na Zhang
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Contributions

JZ was responsible for the implementation of the study and the drafting of the paper. GM was responsible for the design of the study and provided substantive revisions to the initial draft of the paper. NZ was also responsible for the design of the study, quality management and the control of the implementation of the study. SL was responsible for the recruitment of participants. HH, YX, HC, XG, SL, YW, SL and LM were responsible for the implementation of the study. All authors were involved in the revision of the manuscript and approved this final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guansheng Ma.

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Zhang, J., Zhang, N., Liang, S. et al. The amounts and contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to total water intake of young adults in Baoding, China. Eur J Nutr 58, 2669–2677 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1814-y

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