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Total and lean fish intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in older women in the community-based Hordaland Health Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Fish is a source of various nutrients beneficial for bone health, but few studies have investigated the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and fish consumption. Thus, the aim was to investigate the relationship between total fish intake and BMD and between both lean and fatty fish intake and BMD.

Method

These cross-sectional analyses include 4656 participants in the Hordaland Health Study, a community-based study conducted in 1997–1999. The study includes two birth cohorts of men and women from Hordaland county (Norway) born in 1950–1951 and 1925–1927. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake was obtained from a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire.

Results

The average total fish intake was 33 ± 18 g/1000 kcal and was primarily lean fish. Older women had significantly lower BMD than older men and middle-aged men and women. In older women, total and lean fish intake (50 g/1000 kcal) was significantly and positively associated with BMD also after multivariate adjustments (β-coefficient 0.018, p = 0.017 and 0.026, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

A high intake of fish, in particular lean fish, was positively associated with BMD in older women. No association between intake of fatty fish and BMD was found in either of the age and sex groups.

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Abbreviations

BMD:

Bone mineral density

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DPA:

Docosapentaenoic acid

DXA:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FFQ:

Food-frequency questionnaire

HUSK:

Hordaland Health Study

NNR 2012:

Nordic Nutritional Recommendation 2012

n3 PUFA:

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Acknowledgements

The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF) supported this work through fellowship funding the primary author. The funder had no role in the study design, analysis or interpretation of data, or in the writing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, Laboratory Building 8th Floor, 5020, Bergen, Norway

    Hanne Rosendahl-Riise, Therese Karlsson & Ottar K. Nygård

  2. Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Christian A. Drevon

  3. Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

    Ellen M. Apalset

  4. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Ellen M. Apalset & Grethe S. Tell

  5. Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

    Ottar K. Nygård

  6. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Jutta Dierkes

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  1. Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
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  2. Therese Karlsson
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Correspondence to Hanne Rosendahl-Riise.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

HUSK was performed according to the declaration of Helsinki and all participants provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Data Inspectorate and the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics.

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Rosendahl-Riise, H., Karlsson, T., Drevon, C.A. et al. Total and lean fish intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in older women in the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Eur J Nutr 58, 1403–1413 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1665-6

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