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A specific dose of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to inhibit body weight gain limits food intake and increases energy expenditure in rats

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Abstract

Purpose

Several studies have suggested that flavanols may have antiobesity effects; however, those effects clearly depend on the experimental conditions. In a previous study, we found that a single acute dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has satiating effects. We therefore hypothesise that satiating doses of GSPE could be used to reduce body weight gain, and our present objective was to define the most effective dose.

Methods

We assayed two GSPE doses in aged male Wistar rats. First we performed a subchronic (8-day) treatment by intragastric administration, which was repeated after a washout period. We measured body weight, energy intake and faeces composition; we performed indirect calorimetry; and we analysed the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism to determine the target tissue for the GSPE.

Results

We observed that 0.5 g GSPE/kg BW significantly reduced food intake and thus the amount of energy absorbed. This dosage also increased lipid oxidation in subcutaneous adipose tissue, thus causing a higher total energy expenditure. These combined effects caused a decrease in body weight. Conversely, 1 g GSPE/kg BW, which also reduced energy absorption after the first treatment, had a rebound effect on body weight gain which resulted in a lower response to the proanthocyanidin extract. That is, after the second treatment, the GSPE did not reduce the energy absorbed or modify energy expenditure and body weight.

Conclusion

GSPE at a dose of 0.5 g/kg can reduce body weight by limiting food intake and activating energy expenditure in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to express our thanks to Niurka Llopiz for her technical support. We also thank the Technological Center of Nutrition and Health for the use of their animal facilities. This work has been supported by a Grant (AGL2014-55347-R) from the Spanish government. Àngela Casanova received a grant for Ph.D. students from Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Joan Serrano received a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Government of Catalonia. Montserrat Pinent is a Serra Húnter fellow.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, No. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain

      Joan Serrano, Àngela Casanova-Martí, Andreu Gual, M. Teresa Blay, Ximena Terra, Anna Ardévol & Montserrat Pinent

    2. Monogastric Nutrition, Centre Mas de Bover, IRTA, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km 3.8, 43120, Constantí, Spain

      Anna Maria Pérez-Vendrell

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    Correspondence to Anna Ardévol.

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    Joan Serrano and Àngela Casanova-Martí have contributed equally to this work.

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    394_2016_1209_MOESM1_ESM.docx

    Figure S1. Rebooting after treatment 1. Body weight in aged male Wistar rats was measured every 2 days after treatment 1. Circles indicate control (vehicle-administered) animals; square indicates 0.5 g GSPE/kg BW dose; and triangles indicate 1 g GSPE/kg BW dose. Day 26 stopped the statistical (p < 0.05) differences between dose 1 and control group. Day 30 stopped the statistical (p < 0.05) differences between dose 0.5 and control group. (DOCX 19 kb)

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    Serrano, J., Casanova-Martí, À., Gual, A. et al. A specific dose of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to inhibit body weight gain limits food intake and increases energy expenditure in rats. Eur J Nutr 56, 1629–1636 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1209-x

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