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Gestational dietary patterns are not associated with blood pressure changes during pregnancy and early postpartum in a Brazilian prospective cohort

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Abstract

Purpose

To identify gestational dietary patterns and evaluate the association between these patterns and the blood pressure (BP) rate of change during pregnancy and the postpartum.

Methods

Prospective cohort study composed of 191 healthy pregnant women. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained at the 5th–13th, 20th–26th, 30th–36th gestational weeks, and with 30–45 days postpartum. A food frequency questionnaire administered at the 30th–36th gestational week was used to measure dietary intake during pregnancy. Principal component analysis was performed to identify the dietary patterns. A longitudinal linear mixed-effects regression model was used to evaluate the association between the dietary patterns and BP (adjusted for time elapsed after conception and the women’s age, education, parity, body mass index and total energy intake).

Results

Three gestational dietary patterns were identified: healthy, common-Brazilian and processed. SBP/DBP mean values (SD) were 110.1 (9.0)/66.9 (7.5), 108.7 (9.0)/64.9 (6.7), 111.3 (9.2)/67.0 (6.9) and 115.0 (10.7)/73.7 (8.6) mmHg at the first, second and third gestational trimesters and postpartum, respectively. Women with higher/lower adherence to the processed pattern presented SBP of 117.9 and 113.0 mmHg (P = 0.037), respectively, during postpartum. No association was found between any of the three dietary patterns and SBP in the multiple longitudinal linear regression models, whereas 1 SD increase in the common-Brazilian pattern was associated with a small change of DBP (β = 0.0006; 95 % CI 4.66e-06, 0.001; P = 0.048).

Conclusion

The three dietary patterns identified revealed no association with changes of SBP and DBP levels during pregnancy and at early postpartum in this sample of healthy Brazilian women.

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Acknowledgments

The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq in the Portuguese acronym) and the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ in the Portuguese acronym) supported this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 367, CCS – Bloco J – 2º andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária – Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil

    Ilana Eshriqui, Ana Amélia Freitas Vilela, Fernanda Rebelo, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Maria Beatriz Trindade Castro & Gilberto Kac

  2. Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Ilana Eshriqui, Ana Amélia Freitas Vilela, Dayana Rodrigues Farias & Gilberto Kac

  3. National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Fernanda Rebelo

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  1. Ilana Eshriqui
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  2. Ana Amélia Freitas Vilela
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Correspondence to Gilberto Kac.

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Eshriqui, I., Vilela, A.A.F., Rebelo, F. et al. Gestational dietary patterns are not associated with blood pressure changes during pregnancy and early postpartum in a Brazilian prospective cohort. Eur J Nutr 55, 21–32 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0819-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0819-4

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