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Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans

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Abstract

Background

Several factors can affect glycemic and insulinemic responses from cereal foods. Some suggested factors lowering the responses are; intact botanical structure, high amylose/high ß-glucan cereal varieties, organic acid produced during fermentation and food processes inducing retrogradation of starch.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the impact of fermented whole grain cereal kernels with high content of amylose (40%) and/or β-glucan (4.6%) on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults.

Methods

Thirteen healthy volunteers (4 men and 9 women) were given 25 g available carbohydrate portions of: glucose solution; tempe fermented whole-grain barley and tempe fermented whole-grain oat. Blood samples were collected directly before the meal (fasting) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The GI (glycemic index) and II (insulin index) of meals were calculated for each subject according to FAO/WHO standards.

Results

Peak glucose response was lowest after the tempe meal with high-amylose/ high-ß-glucan barley tempe while insulin response was lowest after the meal with high β-glucan oat tempe. The mean blood glucose responses for both the barley and the oat tempe meals were significantly lower than from the reference glucose load (P < 0.0001) during the first 60 min. The calculated GI:s for barley and oat tempe were 30 and 63, respectively. Mean serum insulin responses from barley and oat tempe were significantly lower compared with the glucose load (P < 0.002) during the first 60 min, and the calculated II was lower for oat tempe (21) compared with barley tempe (55).

Conclusions

The results suggest that cereal products with beneficial influence on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses can be tailored by fermentation and enclosure of high-amylose and/or high-β-glucan barley and oat kernels.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their appreciation to Ingmar Börjesson and Lena Rimsten at Lantmännen Food R&D and Rickard Jonsson and Therese Christerson at Svalöf Weibull AB for their support and advice. This work was financed by VINNOVA Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Dnr 2004-02301).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden

    Marie Alminger & Charlotte Eklund-Jonsson

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  1. Marie Alminger
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  2. Charlotte Eklund-Jonsson
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Correspondence to Marie Alminger.

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Alminger, M., Eklund-Jonsson, C. Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans. Eur J Nutr 47, 294–300 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-008-0724-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-008-0724-9

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