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Endoprothetik des rheumatischen Ellenbogengelenks

Arthroplasty for rheumatic elbow joints

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Zusammenfassung

Unbehandelt führt die Progredienz der Erkrankung zu einem destruierten instabilen Ellenbogengelenk. Ähnlich wie am Kniegelenk kann – abhängig vom Zustand der Weichteile und des Knochens – ein Oberflächenersatz oder ein semigekoppelter Gelenkersatz durchgeführt werden. Eine vollständige Koppelung beider Gelenkpartner sollte nach Möglichkeit vermieden werden, um frühzeitige Lockerungen zu vermeiden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen bislang eine deutliche Schmerzreduktion, aber eine eingeschränkte postoperative Beweglichkeit mit einem Streck- und Beugedefizit. Das größte Problem des endoprothetischen Gelenkersatzes beim Rheumatiker bleibt die postoperativ deutlich eingeschränkte Belastbarkeit des künstlichen Gelenks, sodass das Pro und Kontra mit dem Patienten präoperativ intensiv erörtert werden muss. Ob neue modulare Prothesedesigns bessere Ergebnisse bringen, müssen zukünftige Studien zeigen.

Abstract

Without proper treatment rheumatoid arthritis can lead to pain, instability and destruction of the elbow joint. As with artificial knee replacement various designs are available and in general non-constrained and semi-constrained designs are preferred. Fully constrained designs should be avoided due to high loosening rates. Results have shown a significant pain reduction, however, a restricted range of motion has to be expected. Restrictions in load-bearing and mobility are among the major problems after elbow arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which have to be discussed with the patient before surgery. Future studies will have to evaluate the effectiveness of new modular designs.

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Heers, G., Grifka, J. Endoprothetik des rheumatischen Ellenbogengelenks. Z. Rheumatol. 70, 388–394 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-011-0775-9

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