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Immunseneszenz und Autoimmunität

Altert das Immunsystem wirklich, oder nur die Organe, die es versorgen?

Immune senescence and autoimmunity

Does the immune system really age, or just the organs which supply it?

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Zusammenfassung

Degenerative Alterungsprozesse sind verantwortlich für einen hohen Anteil an organspezifischer Morbidität und Mortalität in unserer Bevölkerung. Auch die Häufigkeit vieler Autoimmunerkrankungen nimmt mit dem Alter deutlich zu – gut zu verfolgen z. B. bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA). Aus immunologischer und pathogenetischer Sicht ist von großem Interesse, dass die Veränderungen im Immunsystem von RA-Patienten vergleichbar sind zum physiologischen Alterungsprozess, welcher bei gesunden Individuen etwa zwei Lebensjahrzehnte später abläuft. Trotz der mannigfaltig zu beobachtenden funktionellen Veränderungen im Immunsystem älterer Menschen ist die Infekthäufigkeit bei hochbetagten Patienten mit RA jedoch in der Regel höchstens marginal erhöht, sodass eine Immunsuppression bei älteren Patienten mit RA genauso konsequent durchgeführt werden sollte wie bei Jüngeren. Altersbedingten Veränderungen und Erkrankungen in anderen Organsystemen sollte jedoch immer besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden, da durch solche Komplikationen sowohl der Verlauf von Autoimmunerkrankungen als auch die Nebenswirkungsrate der therapeutischen Immunsuppression negativ beeinflusst werden kann.

Abstract

Degenerative ageing processes are to a great extent responsible for organ-specific morbidity and mortality among our population. The incidence of many autoimmune diseases also increases significantly with age, as is evident with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for example. From an immunological and pathogenetic perspective, that the changes in the immune system of RA patients is comparable to the physiological ageing process seen in healthy individuals approximately 20 years later is of great interest. Despite the manifold functional changes seen in the immune system of older people, the incidence of infection in very elderly patients with RA is only marginally increased, such that immune suppression in older RA patients should be carried out just as consequently as in younger patients. Age-related changes and diseases in other organ systems should receive particular attention, since such complications can have a negative effect on the course of the autoimmune disease as well as the rate of side effects.

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Correspondence to U. Wagner M.D..

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Wagner, U. Immunseneszenz und Autoimmunität. Z. Rheumatol. 70, 95–98 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-010-0735-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-010-0735-9

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