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Sport und Arthrose

Sports and osteoarthrosis

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Arthose als polyätiologisches Krankheitsbild stellt eine der häufigsten Gelenkerkrankungen im mittleren und älteren Lebensalter dar. Sportliche Betätigung kann als Ursache angesehen werden, wird aber zunehmend auch in der Prävention und Therapie der Arthrose eingesetzt. In tierexperimentellen und epidemiologischen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass moderates Lauftraining bezüglich des Arthroserisikos geringer einzuschätzen ist als intensives Training oder Wettkampfsportarten. Speziell intensive Stoß- und Rotationsbelastungen sind mit erhöhtem Arthroserisiko verbunden. Aber auch Sportarten mit erhöhter Verletzungsgefahr haben im Verlauf ein erhöhtes Arthroserisiko. Aus präventivmedizinischer Sicht der Arthrose scheint der gezielte Muskelaufbau entscheidend zu sein. Sporttherapeutisch gibt es vielfältige Ansätze, die in Zukunft mit Sicherheit von zunehmender Bedeutung sein werden. Sporttherapie sollte ein zentraler Teil der konservativen Arthrosetherapie unabhängig von Alter, Begleiterkrankungen, Schmerzen und Beeinträchtigungen sein. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei ein aerobes Training und lokale Muskelkräftigungen.

Abstract

Many risk factors for developing osteoarthrosis exist. Osteoarthrosis is the most common cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older people. On the one hand, physical exercise can lead to arthrosis; on the other hand, physical exercise is commonly used in preventing and treating it. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that increased high-impact running or competitive sports result in a higher risk for osteoarthrosis than moderate low-impact running. In particular, sudden-impact loading and twisting movements of the joints can result in premature osteoarthrosis. Also, sports with a high risk for injuries can lead to secondary osteoarthrosis. Preventive exercises to strengthen the skeletal muscles seem to have a pivotal role. There are different therapeutic approaches to osteoarthrosis, which will be more important in the future. Exercise should be a core treatment for people with osteoarthritis, irrespective of age, comorbidity, pain severity, or disability. Exercise should include local muscle strengthening and general aerobic fitness.

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Danksagung

Wir danken der Leichtathletikabteilung des ASV-Berlin (http://www.asv-berlin-leichtathletik.de) für die Überlassung von Bildmaterial (Weitsprung: Frau Dr. med. Maja Hofmann, Weltmeisterin der Mediziner 2008; Diskus: Frau Bärbel Jensch, Deutsche Meisterin 2009, Behindertensport).

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  1. Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, An der Mühle 2–9, 13507, Berlin, Deutschland

    M. Schäfer & K. Dreinhöfer

  2. Dept. Muskuloskeletale Prävention, Rehabilitation und Versorgungsforschung, Centrum für Sportwissenschaften und Sportmedizin (CSSB) und Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    M. Schäfer & K. Dreinhöfer

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  1. M. Schäfer
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  2. K. Dreinhöfer
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Correspondence to M. Schäfer.

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Schäfer, M., Dreinhöfer, K. Sport und Arthrose. Z. Rheumatol. 68, 804–810 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-009-0552-1

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