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Cardiovascular protection for all individuals at high risk: evidence-based best practice

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Abstract

Patients with cardiovascular risk factors are largely undertreated, for many reasons. Vulnerable individuals may not be aware of the risks they are facing or an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease may be underestimated, particularly among those at high risk. Furthermore, in individuals identified as being at high total cardiovascular risk, the full spectrum of therapeutic options may not be implemented or patients may not adhere to the treatment prescribed. We address these critical issues by summarizing the existing guidelines: our ultimate goal is to encourage the optimal management of individuals at high total cardiovascular risk according to evidence-based medicine, with the expectation that this will improve outcomes.

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Acknowledgments

This is a meeting report of joint conclusions from four parallel advisory board groups related to “Cardiac & Vascular Protection”. The Steering Committee for these groups is as follows: Rajiv Agarwal, USA; Venkatesh Aiyagari, USA; Craig Anderson, Australia; Grigory Arutyunov, Russia; George Bakris, USA; Henry R Black, USA; Michael Böhm, Germany (Co-Chair); Hector Briseño, Mexico; Ernesto Cardona, Mexico; Renata Cífková, Czech Republic; Gilles, Dagenais Canada (Chair); Björn Dahlöf, Sweden; Hans-Christoph Diener, Germany (Co-Chair); Csaba Farsang, Hungary; Toshiro Fujita, Japan (Co-Chair); Raul Gamboa, Peru; Gorelick Phillip, USA (Co-Chair); Nina Gotcheva, Bulgaria; Guido Grassi, Italy; Radovan Hojs, Slovenia; Alan G Jardine, UK; Garry Jennings, Australia; Tord Juhlin, Sweden; Anne Lise Kamper, Denmark; Ulrich Kintscher, Germany; Sverre Erik Kjeldsen, Norway; Markku Laakso, Finland; Giuseppe Mancia, Italy (Chair); Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Poland; Wille Oigman, Brazil; Gianfranco Parati, Italy; Bertram Pitt, USA (Co-Chair); Carol Pollock, Australia; Hernan Prat, Chile; Josep Redon, Spain; Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Italy; Sean Ruland, USA; Ramiro Sánchez, Argentina; Arya Sharma, Canada; Peter Sleight, UK (Chair); Ulrike Steckelings, Germany; Koon Teo, Canada (Co-Chair); Thomas Unger, Germany (Co-Chair); Paolo Verdecchia, Italy; Adriaan Voors, Netherlands; Michael Weber, USA (Chair); Matthew Ryan Weir, USA; Bryan Williams, UK; Faiez Zannad, France (Co-Chair). Financial support was provided by Boehringer Ingelheim, and writing assistance was provided by PAREXEL MedCom.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Hypertensive Diseases Unit Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    George Bakris

  2. Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany

    Michael Böhm

  3. Laval University Heart and Lung Institute, Laval, QC, Canada

    Gilles Dagenais

  4. Department of Neurology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    Hans-Christoph Diener

  5. Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Toshiro Fujita

  6. Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Philip Gorelick

  7. Department of Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Sverre Erik Kjeldsen

  8. Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland

    Markku Laakso

  9. Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza-Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe Mancia

  10. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Bertram Pitt

  11. University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AL, Canada

    Arya Sharma

  12. Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

    Peter Sleight

  13. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Koon Teo

  14. Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Unger

  15. Medical College of the State University of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Michael Weber

  16. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

    Bryan Williams

  17. Inserm U684, Inserm CIC9501, CHU, Nancy, France

    Faiez Zannad

Authors
  1. George Bakris
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  2. Michael Böhm
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  3. Gilles Dagenais
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  4. Hans-Christoph Diener
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  5. Toshiro Fujita
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  6. Philip Gorelick
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  7. Sverre Erik Kjeldsen
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  8. Markku Laakso
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  9. Giuseppe Mancia
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  10. Bertram Pitt
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  11. Arya Sharma
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  12. Peter Sleight
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  13. Koon Teo
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  14. Thomas Unger
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  15. Michael Weber
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  16. Bryan Williams
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  17. Faiez Zannad
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Mancia.

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Bakris, G., Böhm, M., Dagenais, G. et al. Cardiovascular protection for all individuals at high risk: evidence-based best practice. Clin Res Cardiol 97, 713–725 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-008-0713-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-008-0713-2

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