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Substrate-modification using electroanatomical mapping in sinus rhythm to treat ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Substratmodifikation im Sinusrhythmus mittels Elektroanatomischem Narbenmapping bei Patienten mit Ischämischer Kardiomyopathie

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Zusammenfassung

Ventrikuläre Tachykardien (VT) bei Patienten mit ischämischer Kardiomyopathie (KHK) sind mittels konventioneller Katheterablation häufig nur schwer behandelbar.

Methoden

Bei 25 konsekutiven Patienten mit häufigen symptomatischen medikamenten-refraktären VTs (rezidivierende Schockabgaben des ICD) auf dem Boden einer KHK (EF 37±12%) wurde ein linksventrikuläres (LV) elektroanatomisches Narbenmapping (Biosense Webster CARTO™) durchgeführt. Narbengewebe wurde als bipolare Voltage <0.5mV definiert. Vor Ablation wurde mittels Ventrikelstimulation die Anzahl der induzierbaren monomorphen VTs dokumentiert. Die grobe Lokalisation der Zielregion erfolgte mittels „pace-mapping“ und lineare Katheterablationen (8 mm Katheterspitze, 70 Watt, 70 °C) wurden basierend auf den zugrundeliegenden Narbenarealen in einer vermuteten Isthmus-Region durchgeführt. Der Follow-Up erfolgte klinisch sowie mittels ICD-Holter-Aufzeichnungen und EKG- und Langzeit-EKG-Untersuchungen.

Ergebnisse

Im Mittel ließen sich pro Patient 2,4±0,8 unterschiedliche VT-Morphologien induzieren. Die klinische VT konnte in 23/25 (92%) durch lineare Ablation eliminiert werden. Bei 16/23 Patienten (70%) konnten durch Ablation (1,7(±1,0) Ablationslinien pro Patient) alle vorher auslösbaren VTs eliminiert werden (Kompletterfolg). Bei den restlichen 7 Patienten (30%) ließen sich nach erfolgreicher Ablation der klinischen VT weitere VTs auslösen, welche nicht abladiert werden konnten (Teilerfolg). Es traten keine Prozedur-bezogenen Komplikationen auf. Während des Follow-up (10±4 Monate; 3 bis 18) traten bei 4 Patienten (16%) (3 Patienten mit initialem Teilerfolg und 1 Patient mit komplettem Ablationserfolg) neue VTs auf (Zykluslänge kürzer als die klinisch, abladierte VT). Während es keinen Unterschied in Basis-Parametern der Patienten mit Kompletterfolg verglichen mit Patienten mit Teilerfolg gab zeigte sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bezogen auf die mittelfristige Ryhthmuserfolgsrate (93 vs. 48% Arrhythmiefreiheit, p=0.03).

Schlussfolgerung

Ischämische VTs können sicher und mit einer Effektivität von über 90% basierend auf elektroanatomischem Narbenmapping während Sinusrhythmus linear abladiert werden. Bei 70% der Patienten können so durch lineare Ablation zwischen elektrisch stummen Hindernissen alle induzierbaren VTs mit hohem mittelfristigem Erfolg abladiert werden. Bei Patienten mit nur Teil-Ablationserfolg (nach Ablation weiterhin VTs auslösbar) traten in über 50% neue VTs während der mittelfristigen Nachsorge (2 bis 6 Monate) auf.

Summary

The treatment especially of frequent ischemic VT remains a challenge for medical and catheter ablation procedures. We evaluated the efficacy of a substrate-based procedure to eliminate clinical VTs in this patient collective.

Methods

In 25 consecutive patients (ejection fraction 37±12%) with frequent symptomatic medically refractory ischemic VT (with recurrent ICD-shocks), left ventricular anatomic scar mapping (Biosense Webster CARTO™) was performed in order to modify the underlying myocardial substrate. Scar tissue was identified as having bipolar voltages <0.5 mV. Prior to the procedure an electrophysiological study (EPS) to determine number and morphology of inducible VTs was performed. Linear ablation procedures (8 mm tip, 70 Watts, 70 °C) were based on the findings of scar areas and proximity to anatomic obstacles. Correct location of ablation was documented by similarity of the morphology during pace-mapping. Follow-up included clinical evaluation, ICD holter interrogation plus holter ECG recording.

Results

The clinical VT was eliminated by linear catheter ablation in 23/25 patients (92%) (failure due to unstable catheter position during transaortic approach in 1 and epicardial origin of VT in 1). In 16/23 patients (70%) complete success could be produced with no VT inducible after substrate modification (1.7±1.0 lines per patient). In 7 patients (30%) only partial success was documented with further VTs inducible after ablation. No procedure-related complications occurred. During follow- up (10±4 months) 4 patients (16%) had occurrences of new VTs documented on ICD holter (3 patients with initially partial success and 1 with initial complete success) differing in cycle length and morphology from the clinical VT. Comparing patients with complete to those with partial success, there was a statistically significant difference of 93 vs. 48% freedom of arrhythmia (p=0.03). No difference in regard to baseline characteristics existed in these two patient subgroups.

Conclusions

Ablation of frequent VTs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy can be safely performed using electro-anatomic scar mapping with a high procedural success of 90%. Based on the morphological findings, linear ablation can suppress inducibility of all VTs in 70% of patients with high mid-term efficacy. In patients with only partial ablation success, non-clinical VTs often occur early during follow-up (50%).

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Deneke, T., Grewe, P.H., Lawo, T. et al. Substrate-modification using electroanatomical mapping in sinus rhythm to treat ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. ZS Kardiologie 94, 453–460 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-005-0240-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-005-0240-3

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