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Differenzialdiagnosen der Osteoporose

Differential diagnoses of osteoporosis

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Zusammenfassung

Die Differenzialdiagnosen der Osteoporose bei geriatrischen und alterstraumatologischen Patienten sind sehr wichtig, da sie ggf. unterschiedliche Therapien induzieren. Durchschnittlich finden sich bei ca. 20 % der Frauen und bei ca. 50 % der Männer sekundäre Ursachen. Grundlage der Diagnostik ist eine osteologische Basislaboruntersuchung, mit der die wichtigsten sekundären Ursachen aufgezeigt werden können. Aus geriatrischer und alterstraumatologischer Sicht nehmen der Vitamin-D-Mangel mit dem sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus, der primäre Hyperparathyreoidismus, der Hypogonadismus beim Mann, das multiple Myelom und die monoklonale Gammopathie unklarer Signifikanz (MGUS) einen besonderen Stellenwert ein.

Abstract

The differential diagnoses of osteoporosis in geriatric and trauma patients are very important as they may induce different therapies. On average approximately 20% of women and 50% of men have secondary causes of osteoporosis. The foundation of the diagnostics is a basic osteological laboratory investigation with which the most important secondary causes can be identified. From a geriatric and traumatological point of view vitamin D deficiency with secondary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, male hypogonadism, multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of unclear significance (MGUS) are of particular importance.

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Notes

  1. Die Referenzbereiche der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit sind stark alters- und geschlechtsabhängig. Für Frauen gelten Referenzwerte bis 25 mm in der ersten Stunde, für Männer bis 15 mm in der ersten Stunde. Je nach dem Einstundenergebnis kann zwischen einer leichten (bis 30 mm/h), einer mittleren (bis 50 mm/h) und einer starken Senkungsbeschleunigung (> 90 mm/h) gesprochen werden. Liegt eine starke Senkungsbeschleunigung vor, wird dies als Sturzsenkung bezeichnet.

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Correspondence to U. Stumpf.

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U. Stumpf, E. Hesse, W. Böcker, C. Kammerlander, C. Neuerburg und R. Schmidmaier geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Stumpf, U., Hesse, E., Böcker, W. et al. Differenzialdiagnosen der Osteoporose. Z Gerontol Geriat 52, 414–420 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-019-01571-x

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