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Reduced proliferation capacity of lung cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Verminderte Proliferationskapazität von Lungenzellen bei chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung

Abstract

Background and objectives

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung emphysema increases with age and both lung diseases are again risk factors for lung cancer. Since a reduced capacity of fibroblasts for proliferation is a good indicator of tissue aging, we studied the cell proliferation of lung fibroblasts from normal and tumor tissue of lung cancer patients depending on lung comorbidities.

Material and methods

Fibroblasts were isolated from tumor and normal lung tissue of 40 lung cancer patients. Cumulative population doubling (CPD) was determined to assess the proliferation capacity, and the PCR technique was used to measure telomere lengths. Since many patients had previously been exposed to severe air pollution, we also studied the effect of air pollution particles on the fibroblast CPD in vitro.

Results

Fibroblasts from tumor and normal lung tissue had comparable CPDs; however, the CPD of fibroblasts from both tumor and normal lung tissue was significantly reduced in patients also suffering from COPD. This CPD reduction was highest in COPD patients who had already developed emphysema or were smokers. A significant correlation between CPD and telomere length was identified only for fibroblasts of non-COPD patients. Further studies also showed an adverse effect of air pollution particles on the CPD of lung fibroblasts.

Conclusion

Lung cells of COPD patients are characterized by accelerated senescence which must have been initiated prior to lung tumorigenesis and cannot depend on telomere shortening only. In addition to smoking as a known risk factor for COPD and lung cancer, air pollution particles could be another reason for the accelerated senescence of lung cells.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung

Die Prävalenz der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) und des Lungenemphysems nimmt mit dem Alter zu, wobei beide Erkrankungen wiederum das Risiko an Lungenkrebs zu erkranken, steigern. Da eine reduzierte Proliferationskapazität von Fibroblasten einen guten Indikator für die Gewebealterung darstellt, haben wir die Zellproliferation von Lungenfibroblasten aus dem Normal- und Tumorgewebe von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs in Abhängigkeit von pulmonalen Begleiterkrankungen untersucht.

Material und Methoden

Fibroblasten wurden aus Tumor- und Normallungengewebe von 40 Patienten mit Lungenkrebs isoliert. Die kumulative Populationsverdopplung (CPD) wurde als Maß für die Proliferationskapazität ermittelt. Die Telomerlängen wurden per Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) bestimmt. Da viele Patienten hoher Luftverschmutzung ausgesetzt waren, untersuchten wir zudem den Einfluss von Partikeln aus Industrieanlagen auf die Fibroblasten-CPD in vitro.

Ergebnisse

Die CPD-Werte von Fibroblasten aus Tumor- und Normallungengewebe unterschieden sich nicht. Dagegen waren die CPD von Fibroblasten aus Tumor- sowie Normalgewebe von Patienten mit COPD stark verringert. Diese Verringerung war am stärksten bei den COPD-Patienten, die bereits ein Emphysem entwickelt hatten oder Raucher waren. Die CPD und Telomerlängen korrelierten jedoch nur bei den Fibroblasten von Patienten ohne COPD signifikant. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten einen nachteiligen Effekt von Luftverschmutzungspartikeln auf die CPD von Lungenfibroblasten.

Schlussfolgerung

Die COPD ist eng mit der beschleunigten Alterung von Lungenzellen verbunden, wobei diese bereits vor der Tumorbildung eingesetzt haben muss und nicht ausschließlich von der Telomerverkürzung abhängig ist. Neben dem Rauchen als bekannter Risikofaktor für COPD und Lungenkrebs könnte auch die Luftverschmutzung Grund für die beschleunigte Zellalterung sein.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the technical assistance of S. Koitzsch and K. Szymala.

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Correspondence to Babett Bartling.

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Conflict of interest

B. Bartling and H.-S. Hofmann declare that they have no competing interests.

The use of patient material was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent of the patients was obtained.

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Bartling, B., Hofmann, HS. Reduced proliferation capacity of lung cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Z Gerontol Geriat 52, 249–255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-018-1377-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-018-1377-9

Keywords

  • Cellular senescence
  • Fibroblasts
  • Cancer
  • Smoking
  • Air pollution

Schlüsselwörter

  • Zellalterung
  • Fibroblasten
  • Krebs
  • Rauchen
  • Luftverschmutzung