Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Leben älterer Menschen spielt Mobilität eine wichtige Rolle. Sie ist eng verzahnt mit kognitiver Funktionalität, die mit dem Alter oft abnimmt. Zum Training kognitiver Funktionen werden zunehmend computerbasierte Verfahren genutzt.
Fragestellung
Dieses systematische Review gibt einen Überblick über die Studienlage zu Effekten von computerbasierten kognitiven Trainings (CCT) auf die Mobilität bei gesunden Älteren.
Methode
Bis Juni 2017 veröffentlichte Studien mit einer CCT-Intervention und primären Outcome-Parametern im Mobilitätsbereich (Gang, Gleichgewicht, Transferverhalten) wurden identifiziert, anhand des Evidenzgrades für Gruppendesignstudien nach Kriterien der American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) kategorisiert und qualitativ evaluiert.
Ergebnisse
Von 305 gescreenten Studien wurden 11 Studien in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Die Studienqualität war insgesamt hoch, die Studien wiesen jedoch eine hohe Heterogenität hinsichtlich der Definition und Effekte der Outcome-Parameter im Mobilitätsbereich auf. Ein durchgehend positiver Effekt von CCT auf Mobilität ließ sich nicht erkennen. Schrittlänge unter Dual-task-Bedingungen und Ganginitiation könnten durch CCT positiv beeinflusst werden.
Schlussfolgerung
Mobilitätsaspekte könnten durch CCT positiv beeinflusst weden. Zur sicheren Beurteilung bedarf es größerer hypothesengetriebener Studien mit randomisiertem Kontrolldesign.
Abstract
Background
Mobility is important and often affected in older adults. Mobility is related to cognitive function, which is associated with age-related decline. Computer-based cognitive training (CCT) is increasingly used to treat such cognitive deficits. Whether CCT also has an effect on mobility is not yet clear.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate available intervention studies investigating the effect of CCT on mobility-related outcome parameters in healthy older adults.
Methods
Studies with CCT interventions with mobility outcome parameters (gait, balance, transfer) as primary outcomes and published up to June 2017 were categorized based on the criteria of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) and then systematically evaluated.
Results
Out of 305 identified studies, 11 CCT studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of these studies was generally high but definitions and effects of mobility outcome parameters were heterogeneous. The most promising mobility outcome parameters that may be influenced by CCT are step length under dual tasking conditions and gait initiation.
Conclusion
The use of CCT may have positive effects on mobility parameters. Further studies focusing on this hypothesis as the primary outcome parameter are needed.
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J. Geritz, W. Maetzler und C. Schlenstedt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Geritz, J., Maetzler, W. & Schlenstedt, C. Einfluss von computerbasiertem kognitivem Training auf Mobilität bei gesunden Älteren. Z Gerontol Geriat 51, 184–192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-018-1369-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-018-1369-9