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Skelettmuskuläre Faktoren, Sarkopenie und Stürze im Alter

Musculoskeletal factors, sarcopenia and falls in old age

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Zusammenfassung

Stürze im Alter sind ein wichtiges Gesundheitsproblem mit hoher Inzidenz und schwerwiegenden Konsequenzen für den alten Menschen. Die alternsbezogenen Verluste von Muskelkraft und Muskelmasse und -funktion (Sarkopenie) sind i) Risikofaktoren für Stürze, ii) assoziiert mit der körperlichen Funktionalität und iii) Marker des Gebrechlichkeitssyndroms. Der Muskelfunktion kommt dabei eine größere Rolle zu als der Muskelmasse. Die Operationalisierung der Sarkopenie anhand des Algorithmus der European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) ist konsistent assoziiert mit dem Sturzereignis. Gezieltes körperliches Training spielt die Schlüsselrolle in der Prävention von Stürzen und der Behandlung von Funktionsverlusten durch Sarkopenie und Gebrechlichkeit. Die kombinierte Supplementierung von Protein und Vitamin D unterstützt die Muskelproteinbiosynthese bei unterversorgten Personen und verbessert Aspekte der körperlichen Funktion.

Abstract

Falls in older adults are a major public health problem with a high incidence and severe consequences for the older individual. The age-related loss of muscle strength as well as muscle mass and muscle function (sarcopenia) are i) risk factors for falling, ii) associated with physical function and iii) markers of the frailty syndrome. Muscle function appears to play a bigger role than muscle mass. The operationalization of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) algorithm is consistently associated with falling events. Structured physical exercise plays the key role in the prevention of falls and the management of functional decline caused by sarcopenia and frailty. The combined supplementation with proteins and vitamin D supports muscle protein synthesis in undersupplied persons and improves aspects of physical function.

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  1. Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland

    Daniel Schoene, Eva Kiesswetter, Cornel C. Sieber & Ellen Freiberger

  2. Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Geriatrie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Cornel C. Sieber

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  1. Daniel Schoene
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Correspondence to Daniel Schoene.

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D. Schoene, E. Kiesswetter, C.C. Sieber und E. Freiberger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Schoene, D., Kiesswetter, E., Sieber, C.C. et al. Skelettmuskuläre Faktoren, Sarkopenie und Stürze im Alter. Z Gerontol Geriat 52, 37–44 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-017-1283-6

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