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Stress and biological aging

A double-edged sword

Stress und biologisches Altern

Ein zweischneidiges Schwert

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Abstract

It is well accepted that aging is the basis of most degenerative diseases in the elderly. Biological aging is characterized by a gradual accumulation of cellular and molecular defects. An important cause of defects is intense stress, such as oxidative or glycotoxic stress. Genes affecting cellular and organismal longevity are frequently associated with the regulation of cellular anti-oxidative defense and/or with repair functions. Damage, combined with an age-dependent decline in defense and repair systems, results in disturbed homeostasis, leading to aging and diseases. Whereas intense stress induces premature aging, mild stress can induce adaptive processes, stimulating the expression of genetic repair/defense systems, which positively influences life span.

Zusammenfassung

Altern ist die Grundlage und Voraussetzung für die meisten degenerativen Erkrankungen des älteren Patienten. Biologisches Altern ist durch die allmähliche Akkumulation von molekularen und zellulären Defekten charakterisiert. Eine wichtige Ursache dafür ist Stress, z. B. oxidativer oder glykotoxischer Stress. Gene, die Langlebigkeit beeinflussen, sind häufig mit der Regulation der zellulären antioxidativen Abwehr und/oder mit Reparatursystemen assoziiert. In Kombination mit dem altersabhängigen Nachlassen der Abwehr- und Reparatursysteme führen Schädigungen zu einer gestörten Homöostase und damit zu Alterung und Erkrankungen. Während intensiver Stress Alterungsprozesse beschleunigt, kann milder Stress adaptive Prozesse induzieren, etwa die Expression von Abwehr-/Genreparatursystemen, die sich letztendlich positiv auf die Lebensspanne auswirken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heart Centre of the University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Andreas Simm Ph.D.

  2. Department of Nutrigenomics, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Lars-Oliver Klotz Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Andreas Simm Ph.D..

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A. Simm and L.-O. Klotz declare there are no conflicts of interest.

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Simm, A., Klotz, LO. Stress and biological aging. Z Gerontol Geriat 48, 505–510 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-015-0928-6

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