Skip to main content
Log in

Filial maturity as a predictor for the burden of demented parents’ caregivers

Filiale Reife als Prädiktor der Belastung von erwachsenen pflegenden Kindern Demenzkranker

  • CONTRIBUTION TO THE MAIN TOPIC
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In this study, we administered the Louvain Filial Maturity Scale [Marcoen 1993] to 61 adult children of demented elderly. The scores of the seven factors of this scale were compared to the scores of an unselected group of adult children examined by Marcoen. The results were taken into the context with caregiver’s burden, and the effect of filial maturity on parents’ institutionalisation was investigated. Marcoen’s results were confirmed. Only the means of “filial help” and “parental consideration” differed slightly from the means of the unselected group. Overall, filial maturity had no influence on the caregiver’s feeling of burden, but higher “parental consideration” resulted in lower caregiver burden. In addition, adult children with more “filial obligation” continued to care for their parents in the community more often, even when experiencing great burden and stress. However, institutionalisation was caused mainly by parents’ growing needs and increasing behavioural problems. We conclude that “filial maturity” seems to be a very stable concept. Further investigations should focus on the relevance of the Louvain Filial Maturity Scale for caregiving relationship and also on the arrangement of the scale in order to exclude a “pseudo”-stability with regard to burdensome life events and situations.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Untersuchung wurde die Louvain Filial Maturity Scale bei 61 erwachsenen Kindern demenzkranker älterer Menschen eingesetzt. Die Scores der sieben Skalen der Louvain Filial Maturity Scale wichen nicht signifikant von denen der von Marcoen beschriebenen Gruppe ab. Die Ergebnisse wurden in den Kontext der Belastung von Pflegenden gestellt und der Effekt der filialen Reife auf die elterlichen Heimeinweisungen wurde untersucht. Trotz Abweichungen bei den Parametern „filiale Hilfe“ und „elterliche Wertschätzung“ wurden Marcoens Ergebnisse bestätigt. „Filiale Reife“ insgesamt hatte keinen Einfluss auf das Belastungsgefühl von Pflegenden, während eine höhere „elterliche Wertschätzung“ dieses Gefühl reduzierte. Außerdem behielten erwachsene Kinder mit größerem „filialen Verpflichtungsgefühl“ auch trotz eines hohen Belastungsgefühls die ambulante Pflege eher aufrecht. Wir halten „Filiale Reife“ für ein stabiles Konzept, die Louvain Filial Maturity Scale sollte weiter auf ihre Relevanz für Pflegebeziehungen untersucht werden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Blenkner M (1965) Social work and family relationships in later life with some thoughts on filial maturity. In: Shanas E, Streib G (eds) Social structure and the family: generational relations. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp 46–59

  2. Brody EM (1985) Parent care as a normative family stress. The Gerontologist 25:19–29

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bruder J (1988) Filiale Reife—Ein wichtiges Konzept für die familiäre Versorgung kranker, insbesondere dementer alter Menschen. Z Gerontol Psychol Psychiatr 1:95–101

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brunner E, Domhof S, Langer F (2001) Nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments. Wiley, New York

  5. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L (1973) SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatry rating scale—preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull 9:13–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Fahrenberg J, Hampel R, Selg H (1989) Das Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar: FPI, Handanweisung. Revid. Fassung FPI-R u. teilw. geänd., 5. erg. Auflage. Verlag für Psychologie Hogrefe, Göttingen Toronto Zürich

  7. Finley N, Roberts M, Banahan B (1988) Motivators and inhibitors of attitudes of filial obligation towards aging parents. The Gerontologist 28:73–78

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Haenselt R, Danielzik A, Waack K (2004) Zur Evaluation von angeleiteten Gesprächsgruppen für pflegende Angehörige von Demenzkranken. Ergebnisse des GENA-Projektes in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Z Gerontol Geriat 37:402–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jeste DV, Alexopoulos GS, Bartels SJ, Cummings JL, Gallo JJ, Gottlieb MD, Halpain MC, Palmer BW, Patterson TL, Reynolds CF, Lebowitz BD (1999) Consensus statement on the upcoming crisis in geriatric mental health. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:848–853

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Marcoen A (1993) Adult children as caregivers to aging parents: a measure of filial maturity. Poster, presented at the XV. Congress of the International Association of Gerontology, Budapest, 4.–9. Juli 1993

    Google Scholar 

  11. Marcoen A (1995) Filial maturity of middle-aged adult children in the context of parental care: model and measures. J Adult Dev 2:125–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mittelman MS, Ferris SH, Shulman E, Steinberg G, Levin B (1996) A family intervention to delay nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease. A randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 276:1725–1731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nydegger C (1991) The development of paternal and filial maturity. In: Pillemer K, McCartney K (eds) Parentchild relations throughout life. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass., Hillsdale, NJ, pp 31–46

  14. Quayhagen MP, Quayhagen M, Corbeil RR, Hendrix RC, Jackson JE, Snyder L, Bower D (2000) Coping with dementia: evaluation of four nonpharmacological interventions. Int Psychogeriatr 12:249–265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Perrig-Chiello P, Sturzenegger M (2001) Social relations and filial maturity in middle-aged adults: contextual conditions and psychological determinants. Z Geront Geriat 34:21–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rainer M, Jungwirth S, Krüger-Rainer C, Croy A, Gatterer G, Haushofer M (2002) Pflegende Angehörige von Demenzerkrankten: Belastungsfaktoren und deren Auswirkung. Psychiat Prax 29:142–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Spiegel R, Brunner C, Ermini-Fünfschilling D, Monsch A, Notter M, Puxty J, Tremmel L (1991) A new behavioral assessment scale for geriatric out- and in-patients: The NOSGER (Nurses’ Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients). J Am Geriatr Soc 39:339–347

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wancata J, Musalek M, Alexandrowicz R, Krautgartner M (2003) Number of dementia sufferers in Europe between the years 2000 and 2050. Eur Psychiatry 18:306–313

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Yaffe K, Fox P, Newcomer R, Sands L, Lindquist K, Dane K, Covinsky KE (2002) Patient and caregiver characteristics and nursing home placement in patients with dementia. J Am Med Ass 287:2090–2097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J (1980) Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feeling of burden. The Gerontologist 20:649–655

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Stiens.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stiens, G., Maeck, L. & Stoppe, G. Filial maturity as a predictor for the burden of demented parents’ caregivers. Z Gerontol Geriatr 39, 120–125 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-006-0336-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-006-0336-z

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation