Abstract
Aim
The aim of the study was to determine the preoperative predictive factors of overall survival, relapse-free survival, and peritoneal carcinomatosis in obstructive colorectal cancer.
Methods
Data from patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer at our center between 2004 and 2016 were extracted retrospectively from our health records. Several preoperative parameters were used to predict survival and peritoneal carcinomatosis using univariate and multivariate analysis, and ROC curves.
Results
A total of 107 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer were included. Five-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were 14% and 28%, respectively, with 15% peritoneal carcinomatosis. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥ 83 years old, preoperative ASA score ≥ 3, initial hemodynamic instability, and CRP > 18.3 mg/L was significantly associated with worse relapse-free and overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, only age > 83 years (HR = 1.75; HR = 2.16, for relapse-free and overall survival status, respectively) and hemodynamic instability (HR = 7.29; HR = 6.55) were confirmed in the multivariate model. Global peritoneal carcinomatosis was significantly associated with synchronous liver metastases in the multivariate model (OR = 4.56), and synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis only was significantly associated with platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) > 269 and synchronous liver metastases in the multivariate model (OR = 0.003; OR = 7.26).
Conclusion
Synchronous liver metastases are prognostic risk factor for global and synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis whereas PLR > 269 was a significant protective factor for synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis only for obstructive colorectal cancer. Age > 83 years and initial hemodynamic instability were key preoperative prognostic risk factors for worse relapse-free and overall survival. Prognostic usefulness of blood cell ratios for mortality and peritoneal carcinomatosis warrants further investigation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mege D, Manceau G, Beyer L, Bridoux V, Lakkis Z, Venara A et al (2019) AFC (French Surgical Association) Working Group. Right-sided vs. left-sided obstructing colonic cancer: results of a multicenter study of the French Surgical Association in 2325 patients and literature review. Int J Colorectal Dis 34(6):1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-019-03286-2
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
Katoh H, Yamashita K, Wang G, Sato T, Nakamura T, Watanabe M (2011) Prognostic significance of preoperative bowel obstruction in stage III colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 18(9):2432–2441. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-1625-3
Okuda Y, Shimura T, Yamada T, Hirata Y, Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto E et al (2018) Colorectal obstruction is a potential prognostic factor for stage II colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 23(6):1101–1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-018-1307-2
Biondo S, Gálvez A, Ramírez E, Frago R, Kreisler E (2019) Emergency surgery for obstructing and perforated colon cancer: patterns of recurrence and prognostic factors. Tech Coloproctol 23(12):1141–1161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-019-02110-x
Manceau G, Mege D, Bridoux V, Lakkis Z, Venara A, Voron T et al (2019) AFC (French Surgical Association) Working Group. Thirty-day mortality after emergency surgery for obstructing colon cancer: survey and dedicated score from the French Surgical Association. Colorectal Dis 21(7):782–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.14614
Constantin GB, Firescu D, Voicu D, Ștefănescu B, Serban RMC, Berbece S et al (2020) Analysis of prognostic factors in complicated colorectal cancer operated in emergency. Chirurgia (Bucur) 115(1):23–38. https://doi.org/10.21614/chirurgia.115.1.23
Baaten ICPA, West NP, Quyn AJ, Seymour MT, Seligmann JF (2020) Colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases: biology, treatment and next steps. Eur J Surg Oncol 46(4 Pt A):675–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2019.10.035
Kerscher A, Chua T, Gasser M et al (2013) Impact of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the disease history of colorectal cancer management: a longitudinal experience of 2406 patients over two decades. Br J Cancer 108:1432–1439. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.82
Chen XQ, Xue CR, Hou P, Lin BQ, Zhang JR (2019) Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio effectively predicts survival outcome of patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 25(33):4970–4984. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4970
Xia LJ, Li W, Zhai JC, Yan CW, Chen JB, Yang H (2020) Significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index for predicting clinical outcomes in T1–2 rectal cancer. BMC Cancer 20(1):208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-6698-6
Eto S, Kawahara H, Matsumoto T, Hirabayashi T, Omura N, Yanaga K (2019) Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of bowel obstruction due to colorectal cancer growth. Anticancer Res 39(6):3185–3189. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13456
Sugarbaker PH, Jablonski KA (1995) Prognostic features of 51 colorectal and 130 appendiceal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg 221(2):124–132. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199502000-00002
R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.
Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD et al (2009) The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 250(2):187–196. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2
Mege D, Manceau G, Beyer-Berjot L, Bridoux V, Lakkis Z, Venara A et al (2018) AFC (French Surgical Association) Working Group. Surgical management of obstructive right-sided colon cancer at a national level results of a multicenter study of the French Surgical Association in 776 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 44(10):1522–1531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2018.06.027
Portale G, Cavallin F, Valdegamberi A, Frigo F, Fiscon V (2018) Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are not prognostic biomarkers in rectal cancer patients with curative resection. J Gastrointest Surg 22(9):1611–1618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-018-3781-2
Lemmens VE, Klaver YL, Verwaal VJ, Rutten HJ, Coebergh JW, de Hingh IH (2011) Predictors and survival of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: a population-based study. Int J Cancer 128(11):2717–2725. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25596
Honoré C, Goéré D, Souadka A, Dumont F, Elias D (2013) Definition of patients presenting a high risk of developing peritoneal carcinomatosis after curative surgery for colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol 20(1):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-012-2473-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Etienne, JH., Salucki, B., Bereder, JM. et al. Preoperative prognostic factors for obstructive colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 37, 1257–1272 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-022-04163-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-022-04163-1