Abstract
In the present study, the properties of Marine Heatwave (MHW) events over the North Bay of Bengal (BoB) are investigated during the boreal summer monsoon season. In recent decades (2001–2021), an increase in frequency and duration of MHW events are depicted, prominently after 2010. This accelerated trend in MHW events duration is primarily driven by the rapid ocean warming and is a great concern for the scientific as well as fisheries communities. Tropical intraseasonal oscillations are one of the dominant modes that control the oceanic and atmospheric processes. Here, for the first time, we have investigated the role of northward propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISO) on the occurrences of MHW events over the north BoB during the boreal summer (monsoon season). It is found that during the break phases of MISO, enhanced shortwave radiation due to clear sky conditions triggers the MHW events. In addition, shallow mixed layer depth (MLD) also mostly favours the occurrences of MHW events over the north BoB during the break phases of MISO. However, during the active phases of MISO, negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and fewer MHW events are depicted over the north BoB. This strong relationship between shallow MLD and the occurrences of MHW events primarily indicates the connection of regional air-sea heat flux in driving the MHW events over the north BoB. The consequences of MHW events on socioeconomic status are also projected to be extensive, serious, and persistent throughout the twenty-first century.
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Data availability
Data relevant to the paper can be downloaded from the following websites. Daily SST data from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html. Atmospheric reanalysis data from https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/dataset/ecmwf-reanalysis-v5. Ocean Reanalysis data from https://marine.copernicus.eu/. RAMA Buoy data from https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/gtmba/pmel-theme/indian-ocean-rama. Processed data can be provided upon personal request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the OISST v2.1 datasets, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for atmospheric reanalysis datasets, Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Indian Meteorological Department for the best track datasets, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology for the MISO indices and phases datasets, NASA Ocean Color for the MODIS Aqua L3 mapped data, and RAMA buoy for their observational datasets. Gopinadh would like to thank SERB-DST Govt. of India for providing financial support under NPDF (PDF/2022/001886). The authors would like to thank the Editor and the reviewers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions.
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Gopinadh Konda would like to thank SERB-DST Govt. of India for providing financial support under NPDF (PDF/2022/001886).
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MM: analysis and interpretation the results, writing, editing the original draft. GK: analysis and interpretation the results and editing the original draft. NKV: supervision, conceptualization and writing and reviewing the original draft. JSC: interpretation of the results, reviewing and editing the original draft.
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Mandal, M., Konda, G., Krishna Vissa, N. et al. Influence of boreal summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations on the occurrences of Marine Heatwave events over the North Bay of Bengal. Clim Dyn 62, 861–879 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06945-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06945-x