Abstract
The intraseasonal Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern, characterized by a pronounced quasi-biweekly oscillation, is triggered by deep convection around the western North Pacific. Three possible dynamical mechanisms on multiple timescales responsible for the growth and decay of the quasi-biweekly PJ pattern are proposed in this study based on daily reanalysis data from the Japanese 55 year Reanalysis for the 1958‒2021 period. First, the eastward-propagating wave energy associated with the quasi-biweekly circumglobal teleconnection in the upstream region enters the mid-latitude North Pacific and induces the wavelike barotropic geopotential height anomalies, amplifying the magnitudes of three mid-latitude centers of the PJ pattern by about 40% through their linear constructive interference. Secondly, the barotropic feedback forcing of both high-frequency and low-frequency transient eddies triggered by the pronounced meridional SST gradient over the mid-latitude Pacific is beneficial to the development and persistence of the PJ-related centers to the east of Japan and around the Bering Strait, whereas it damps the PJ-related center in the Gulf of Alaska, increasing the amplitude difference between the former two centers and the latter center. Such feedback forcing also leads to the asymmetry of the positive and negative PJ events. Thirdly, the dry energy conversion from the background atmospheric circulation and the moist process due to the convective heating over the western North Pacific are both efficient enough to energize the PJ pattern in the developing and mature stages, indicating that the quasi-biweekly PJ pattern can be viewed as a convectively coupled dynamical mode.
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Data availability
During this study, the 6 hourly JRA-55 reanalysis dataset was downloaded from https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.0; the NOAA DOISST Version 2.1 can be downloaded from the following website: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html; the ERA5 hourly data was obtained from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels?tab=form; the NCEP2 daily data is available at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.html. The figures in this article were produced using the NCAR Command Language Version 6.6.2 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5). The scripts used in reproducing the present work, as well as other data used in this study, are freely available by contacting zhuyu@gd121.cn.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful suggestions and comments on this study. This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41875087, 41830533, 42030601 and 42175019), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515011879), the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies (2020B1212060025), and the Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (Grant 2023LASW-B24).
Funding
This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41875087, 41830533, 42030601 and 42175019), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515011879), the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies (2020B1212060025), and the Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (Grant 2023LASW-B24).
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YZ and ZW conceived the study. Material preparation and data collection were performed by YZ. Data analysis was performed by YZ, and RC. The presentation and discussion for various sections were coordinated YZ, QS, XL, YG and ZW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by YZ and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhu, Y., Chen, R., Song, Q. et al. An investigation of the maintenance mechanisms of the quasi-biweekly Pacific-Japan teleconnection. Clim Dyn 62, 357–381 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06908-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06908-2