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Southern hemisphere monsoonal system during superinterglacial stages: MIS5e, MIS11c and MIS31

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Abstract

The current study investigates changes in Austral Summer Monsoon based on numerical experiments conducted with the coupled ICTP-CGCM model. The interannual variability and intensity of the monsoonal system have been analyzed from vorticity indices and air-sea interaction in Africa, Australia and South America. We focus on interglacial stages MIS5e (127 ka), MIS11c (409 ka) and MIS31 (1072 ka). Results show orbitally-driven decreased summer precipitation and slightly shifted monsoon onset and demise with respect to present day conditions. Sensitivity experiments indicate that monsoons are forced not only by the dominant effect of insolation, but also by remote teleconnections, such as the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins. During those interglacial stages, cooling occurs in the Southern Hemisphere whereas Northern Hemisphere substantially warms. This induces meridional displacement of oceanic subtropical high pressure systems and the equatorial convergence zone. Regionally, these mechanisms contribute to droughts over the Amazon and northeastern Brazil, northern Australia and southern Africa. Monsoonal rainfall shows different responses to precessional forcing, as well as the relationship between the monsoon and Niño 3.4 differs among the interglacial stages. Results also indicate a weaker influence of the equatorial Pacific Ocean on the Austral summer monsoon for the MIS31 interglacial stage as compared to current climate conditions across Africa and Australia. On the other hand, South America monsoon is strongly influenced by Niño 3.4 and tropical Atlantic.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the funding support of CAPES to project Research Group on Climate Interaction (InteraC), and CNPq funding 303882/2020. PhD Student Carlos Gurjão and Dr, Flávio Justino designed the study, performed data processing, and plotting, and wrote large portions of the manuscript. Dr. Douglas Lindemann contributed with the model simulations. ERA5 is also acknowledged for providing the reanalysis data set.

Funding

This work was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant no. 303882/2020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa/MG, Brazil

    Carlos Diego de Sousa Gurjão, Flávio Justino & Gabrielle Pires

  2. Departament of Geo-environmental Analysis, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói/RJ, Brazil

    Mônica Senna

  3. Faculty of Meteorology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas/RS, Brazil

    Douglas Lindemann

  4. Institute of Education, Fluminense Federal University, Angra dos Reis/RJ, Brazil

    Jackson Rodrigues

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  1. Carlos Diego de Sousa Gurjão
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  2. Flávio Justino
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  3. Gabrielle Pires
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  4. Mônica Senna
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  5. Douglas Lindemann
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Correspondence to Carlos Diego de Sousa Gurjão.

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de Sousa Gurjão, C.D., Justino, F., Pires, G. et al. Southern hemisphere monsoonal system during superinterglacial stages: MIS5e, MIS11c and MIS31. Clim Dyn 61, 1867–1885 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06660-7

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