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Multi-phased Asian hydroclimate variability during Heinrich Stadial 5

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Abstract

Changes in Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and effective precipitation (precipitation/evaporation, P/E) were reconstructed from stalagmite δ18O and trace element records from Wulu Cave in southern China, covering Chinese Interstadial (CIS) 13 to Heinrich Stadial (HS) 5. The timing of HS 5 in our record (48.5 ± 0.1 ka, 47.2 ± 0.1 ka) agrees well with spatially-separated cave records (48.7 ± 0.1 ka, 47.4 ± 0.2 ka). At the onset of HS 5, Asian hydroclimate changes are coeval with bipolar ice-core records, but lead the Greenland warming by 300 years at the termination or are synchronous with Greenland records via the atmospheric CH4 constraint. During HS 5, the evolution of δ18O-based ASM, featuring four-phased variability, is less clear in element-inferred P/E variations. In contrast, the element records generally exhibit coherent variations among themselves, and are characterized by greater values in CIS 13 (stronger prior calcite precipitation (PCP) under seasonal drought conditions), followed by a rapid decline to a lower-than-average level (weaker PCP under relatively wetting conditions) during HS 5. This implicates an enhanced evaporation in the interstadial, but sufficient moisture availability during HS 5. The ASM weakening in mid-HS 5 is significantly stronger, in degree, than during Chinese Stadial (CS) 14, while the P/E variability in HS 5 is practically equivalent to that in CS 14. It suggests a pronounced sensitivity of ASM and an inertial effective precipitation response to HSs. Probably, the ocean–atmosphere interactions at low latitudes could favor the sustained moisture availability in southern China during HS 5. This at least implicates that the effective rainfall in southern China is less sensitive to climate perturbations during HS 5.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their generous technical comments on an early version of this manuscript.

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This work was supported by the grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 42077405).

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  1. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Dianbing Liu, Xiang Mi, Shushuang Liu & Yongjin Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Dianbing Liu, Xiang Mi, Shushuang Liu & Yongjin Wang

  3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Dianbing Liu, Xiang Mi, Shushuang Liu & Yongjin Wang

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Liu, D., Mi, X., Liu, S. et al. Multi-phased Asian hydroclimate variability during Heinrich Stadial 5. Clim Dyn 60, 4003–4016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06566-w

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