Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that the variability of both intensity and longitudinal position features the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) during boreal summer. While the TEJ’s intensity variability has been intensively studied, the plausible mechanism of the TEJ’s longitudinal oscillation is much less understood. This study shows that the interannual oscillation of the TEJ’s longitudinal position is most evident in June compared with that in July and August. Such a longitudinal oscillation mode of the June-mean TEJ is closely related to a see-saw pattern of precipitation anomalies and the associated diabatic heating anomalies between the Arabian Sea (AS) and western North Pacific (WNP). Both the observation and numerical simulations reveal that the heat sink (source) anomaly linked to the suppressed (enhanced) precipitation over the AS (WNP) can induce local convergence (divergence) in the upper troposphere, accompanied by an off-equatorial cyclone (anticyclone) to the northwest. Jointly, the anomalous westerly (easterly) lying south to the heat-induced cyclone (anticyclone) facilitates the deceleration (acceleration) of the western (eastern) part of the TEJ, leading to an eastward-shift TEJ. Opposite conditions can be found for a westward-shift TEJ. A case study further shows that changes in the rainfall anomalies over the AS and WNP lead the TEJ’s longitudinal oscillation about 3 days, providing a possibility of the modulation of the precipitation variation on the longitudinal position of the TEJ’s core.
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Data availability
Datasets used in this study are openly available from global European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA-5) at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp/, precipitation data provided by Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) at https://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Datasets/gpcp/, and sea surface temperature data derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at https://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Datasets/noaa.ersst.v5.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the constructive suggestions and comments from anonymous reviewers, which help greatly to improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the inspiring discussions and valuable suggestions with Dr. Yanke Tan, Dr. Ruifen Zhan, and Dr. Jiacan Yuan in the group seminar. This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42030601, 41905072 and 41875087).
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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. YG has received research support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 41905072). ZW acknowledges the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 42030601 and 41875087).
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Ye, J., Guo, Y., Wen, Z. et al. Longitudinal oscillation mode of the tropical easterly jet in June: role of precipitation anomalies in Asian monsoon region. Clim Dyn 60, 1543–1558 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06391-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06391-1