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Western South Atlantic Climate Experiment (WeSACEx): extreme winds and waves over the Southeastern Brazilian sedimentary basins

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Abstract

Extreme near-surface winds and ocean waves affect several activities over coastal and oceanic regions, such as offshore oil and gas industry, management of port operations, installation of renewable energy systems, and navigation. Our objective is to evaluate the ability of reanalysis/satellite data to reproduce local features of wind speed at 10 m height and significant wave height (SWH), and to assess the climatology (mean and extreme) of regional downscalings using WRF and RegCM4 for the atmosphere and WW3 for the ocean waves over the western South Atlantic. For the present climate, WRF and RegCM4 are forced by two CMIP5 global climate models (HadGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-MR) and reanalysis, while WW3 is forced by the winds from the downscalings. We found that: (i) CCMP and WAVERYS have a more realistic representation of, respectively, the wind speed and SWH observed by buoys and platforms over the southeastern Brazilian basins; (ii) near the southeastern coast of Brazil, austral spring and winter have the more intense wind and wave extremes; (iii) RegCM4 and WRF present opposite biases over the southwestern South Atlantic, i.e., RegCM4 (WRF) overestimates (underestimates) the wind speed extremes, except for the region of Santos basin where both overestimate the extremes in austral summer and spring; and (iv) the SWH is closer to reanalysis when WW3 is forced by winds from WRF. This first assessment of the mean and extreme winds and oceanic waves from regional climate downscaling provides confidence and knowledge for further investigation on climate projections over the region.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the meteorological centers that provided data for this study. This work was supported by PETROBRAS (2017/00671-3), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Finance Code 001, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq Grants #430314/2018-3, #304949/2018-3).

Funding

(a) PETROBRAS (2017/00671-3). (b) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (001). (c) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (#430314/2018-3 #304949/2018-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Natália Machado Crespo, Natália Pillar da Silva, Ronaldo Maia de Jesus Palmeira, Andressa Andrade Cardoso, Ricardo de Camargo & Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha

  2. Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Melo, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Clarisse Lacerda Gomes Kaufmann & Marcelo Andrioni

  3. Laboratório de Mecânica Computacional e Sistemas Offshore (LAMCSO), Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Jose Antonio Moreira Lima

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  1. Natália Machado Crespo
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Crespo, N.M., Silva, N.P., Palmeira, R.M.J. et al. Western South Atlantic Climate Experiment (WeSACEx): extreme winds and waves over the Southeastern Brazilian sedimentary basins. Clim Dyn 60, 571–588 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06340-y

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