Abstract
Biomass burning aerosols (BBA) emitted from Southeast Asia in boreal spring can alter the regional climate via their strong radiative effect. In this study, we have examined the radiative impacts of BBA on the atmospheric circulation and rainfall during the emission season (April–May) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry module. Results show that the surface cooling and the atmospheric heating induced by the semi-direct radiative effect of BBA can exert regional heterogeneous influences on precipitation over Southeast Asia and downwind southern China, by disturbing the atmospheric stability, regional circulation and moisture transport. Increased stability (cooling below and warming above) within the planetary boundary layer inhibits local shallow convection and rainfall over mainland Southeast Asia, leading to a build-up of available convective potential energy that favors precipitation downstream in coastal South China. On the other hand, increased solar heating by absorbing aerosols can serve as an anomalous heat source in the low-mid troposphere, inducing a low-level cyclonic wind anomaly and convergence and a mid-level anticyclonic wind anomaly and divergence, along with strong ascending motion reaching the mid-high troposphere. Eventually, the modified stability and regional moisture transport lead to significant redistribution of precipitation. The enhanced (weakened) moist and warm southwesterly wind due to BBA increase (decrease) rainfall over the southern coast (northern inland) of southern China. Extremely, enhanced heavy rain events are found to be associated with an intensified low-level jet stream along coastal South China.
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Data availability
All the data are in this paper are publicly available and cited in the references. The MERRA-2, GPM and GLDAS data are available at https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The GODAS data are available at https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/. The EDGAR v5.0 data are available at https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ap50, and the ERA-interim data at https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/levtype=sfc/. The OISST data are available at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2/.
Abbreviations
- AOD/AOT:
-
Aerosol optical depth/thickness
- ARF:
-
Aerosol radiative forcing
- BB:
-
Biomass burning
- BBE:
-
Biomass burning emission
- BBA:
-
Biomass burning aerosol
- CAPE:
-
Convective available potential energy
- CSC:
-
Coastal South China
- EHP:
-
Elevated heat pump
- ICP:
-
The Indochinese peninsula
- LLJ/BLJ:
-
Low-level jet/boundary layer jet
- NICP:
-
Northern Indochinese peninsula
- PBL:
-
Planetary boundary layer
- SWC:
-
Southwestern China
- SCS:
-
The South China Sea
- TOA:
-
Top of the atmosphere
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004), the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (No. 311020008), and the “111-Plan” Project of China (B17049).
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Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (311020008).
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Yang, S., Lau, W.K.M., Ji, Z. et al. Impacts of radiative effect of pre-monsoon biomass burning aerosols on atmospheric circulation and rainfall over Southeast Asia and southern China. Clim Dyn 59, 417–432 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06135-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06135-7