Abstract
Model simulations are highly sensitive to the formulation of the atmospheric mixing process or entrainment in the deep convective parameterizations used in their atmospheric component. In this paper, we have implemented stochastic entrainment in the deep convection scheme of NCAR CAM5 and analyzed the improvements in model simulation, focusing on the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM), as compared to the deterministic entrainment formulation in the default version of the model. Simulations using stochastic entrainment (StochCAM5) outperformed default model simulations (DefCAM5), as inferred from multiple metrics associated with the SASM. StochCAM5 significantly alleviated some of the longstanding SASM biases seen in DefCAM5, such as precipitation pattern and magnitude over the Arabian Sea and western Equatorial Indian ocean, early monsoon withdrawal, and the overestimation in the frequency of light precipitation and the underestimation in the frequency of large-to-extreme precipitation. Related SASM dynamical and thermodynamical features, such as Somali Jet, low-level westerly winds, and meridional tropospheric temperature gradient (MTTG), are improved in StochCAM5. Further, the simulation of monsoon intra-seasonal oscillation (MISO), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), and equatorial Kelvin waves are improved in StochCAM5. Many essential climate variables, such as shortwave and longwave cloud forcing, cloud cover, relative and specific humidity, and precipitable water, show significant improvement in StochCAM5.
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Data Availability
The observed data used in this study is publicly available and the model simulated data can be obtained from the corresponding author.
Code Availability
The climate model used for simulations are freely available at https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/ and the code used for figure generation is available with corresponding author and can be obtained on request.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are greatly thankful to the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development for providing the Ph.D. fellowship to RP. Authors are also thankful to the supercomputing facility (http://supercomputing.iitd.ac.in/), DST CoE in Climate Modeling (RP03350), and DST FIST project of CAS at IIT Delhi for providing partial support in the form of computing resources. The NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version-5 (CAM5) used for the model simulations, the NCAR-NCL6.4.0 used for data analysis, and the Grammarly software used for correcting the grammar and punctuation type errors in the manuscript writing are also acknowledged. Finally, we want to express our gratitude to the five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript.
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Pathak, R., Sahany, S. & Mishra, S.K. Impact of Stochastic Entrainment in the NCAR CAM Deep Convection Parameterization on the Simulation of South Asian Summer Monsoon. Clim Dyn 57, 3365–3384 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05870-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05870-1