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Tropical cyclone precipitation in the HighResMIP atmosphere-only experiments of the PRIMAVERA Project

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Abstract

This study examines the climatology and structure of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) based on the atmosphere-only Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP runs of the PRocess-based climate sIMulation: AdVances in high resolution modelling and European climate Risk Assessment (PRIMAVERA) Project during 1979–2014. We evaluate how the spatial resolution of climate models with a variety of dynamic cores and parameterization schemes affects the representation of TC rainfall. These HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs that prescribe historical sea surface temperatures and radiative forcings can well reproduce the observed spatial pattern of TC rainfall climatology, with high-resolution models generally performing better than the low-resolution ones. Overall, the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs can also reproduce the observed percentage contribution of TC rainfall to total amounts, with an overall better performance by the high-resolution models. The models perform better over ocean than over land in simulating climatological total TC rainfall, TC rainfall proportion and TC rainfall per TC in terms of spatial correlation. All the models in the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs underestimate the observed composite TC rainfall structure over both land and ocean, especially in their lower resolutions. The underestimation of rainfall composites by the HighResMIP atmosphere-only runs is also supported by the radial profile of TC rainfall. Overall, the increased spatial resolution generally leads to an improved model performance in reproducing the observed TC rainfall properties.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the two anomynous reviewers for insightful comments. Wei Zhang and Gabriele Villarini acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation under Grant EAR-1840742. MR, LPC, CDR, RS, PLV, ES, BV, DP, and MPM acknowledge funding from the PRIMAVERA project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under Grant Agreement No. 641727. All the data and codes are available upon reasonable request. There is no conflict of interest for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Wei Zhang & Gabriele Villarini

  2. Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Utah, USA

    Wei Zhang

  3. Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy

    Enrico Scoccimarro

  4. UK Meteorological Office, Exeter, UK

    Malcolm Roberts

  5. Department of Meteorology, National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Reading, Reading, UK

    Pier Luigi Vidale & Benoıt Vanniere

  6. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain

    Louis-Philippe Caron

  7. Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften E.V. (MPI-M), Hamburg, Germany

    Dian Putrasahan

  8. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK

    Christopher Roberts & Retish Senan

  9. Climat, Environnement, Couplages, Incertitudes (CECI), Universit´e de Toulouse, CNRS, Cerfacs, Toulouse, France

    Marie-Pierre Moine

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  1. Wei Zhang
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Zhang, W., Villarini, G., Scoccimarro, E. et al. Tropical cyclone precipitation in the HighResMIP atmosphere-only experiments of the PRIMAVERA Project. Clim Dyn 57, 253–273 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05707-x

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