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Climate response to introduction of the ESA CCI land cover data to the NCAR CESM

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Abstract

The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover data (ESA CCI-LC, from 1992 to 2015) is introduced to the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model version 1.2.1 (NCAR CESM1.2.1). In comparison with the original land surface data in the Community Land Model version 4 (ORG), the new data features notable land use and land cover change (LULCC) with increased forests over northeastern Asia and Alaska by decreasing shrublands and grasslands. Overestimated bare land cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Rocky Mountains in the ORG are corrected with the replacements by grasslands and shrublands respectively in the new data. The model simulation results show that with the introduction of the ESA CCI-LC, the simulated surface albedo, surface net radiation flux, sensible and latent heat fluxes are relatively improved over the regions where significant LULCC exists, such as northeastern Asia, Alaska, the TP, and Australia. Surface air temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation are improved in boreal winter but degraded in summer. The winter warming over northeastern Asia results from increased longwave downwelling flux and adiabatic heating while the notable winter cooling over Alaska is attributed to strong cold advection followed by reduced longwave downwelling flux. LULCC alters precipitation by influencing water vapor content. In winter, LULCC affects atmospheric circulation via modulating baroclinicity while in summer, it influences land-sea thermal contrast, thus affecting the intensity of East Asian summer monsoon. LULCC also alters the simulated dust burden.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China Grants 2016YFA0602103, 2017YFA0604000 and 2017YFA0604401, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Youth Science Foundation Project with grant 41975126. The NCAR CESM simulation outputs for this study can be obtained from the authors upon request. The ESA CCI-LC data is available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/satellite-land-cover?tab=doc. The MODIS MCD43C3 Version 6 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo (BRDF/Albedo) Albedo data are available at https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mcd43c3v006/. The FLUXCOM database is available at http://www.fluxcom.org/. The HadCRU observation is available at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut4/ and the GPCP observation is available at https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=GPCP. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data is available at https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era-interim and the MERRA reanalysis data is available at https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Shu Liu, Xiaoxuan Liu, Le Yu, Yong Wang, Peng Gong, Wenyu Huang, Bin Wang & Yuqi Cheng

  2. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Guang J. Zhang

  3. Tsinghua Urban Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Peng Gong

  4. Center for Healthy Cities, Institute of China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Peng Gong

  5. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Bin Wang

  6. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Bin Wang

  7. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco‐geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China

    Mengmiao Yang

  8. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China

    Mengmiao Yang

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  1. Shu Liu
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Liu, S., Liu, X., Yu, L. et al. Climate response to introduction of the ESA CCI land cover data to the NCAR CESM. Clim Dyn 56, 4109–4127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05690-3

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