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Seasonal rainfall patterns in stable carbon isotopes in the Mu Us Desert, northern China during the early and middle Holocene

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Abstract

Intense Asian summer monsoon rainfall responds to high boreal summer insolation and environmental feedbacks in the early and middle Holocene. However, it is unclear what role of the Asian summer monsoon strength might have played for the heterogeneous wetness pattern in northern China. Here, we report two wet periods in the early and middle Holocene by paleosol, lacustrine, and peat stratigraphies in the southeast Mu Us Desert, and that early-Holocene wetness records are common and seen in valleys and missing from valley walls while mid-Holocene wetness records are found everywhere in the region. The preliminary analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of soil carbonate and organic carbon from a riverine dune–paleosol sequence in a river valley reveals that wet springs/falls with dry summers frequently prevailed in the early Holocene, while wet summers with dry springs/falls became predominant in the middle Holocene. Strong-wind and low-temperature springs and falls on valley walls and uplands cause eolian sedimentation faster than soil formation but weak-wind and warmer-soil temperature in valleys facilitate vegetation metabolism and thus soil formation. Warm summer rainfall with no strong northwesterly wind causes paleosol, lacustrine and peat formation either in valleys or on uplands. The early-Holocene heterogeneous and middle-Holocene uniform wetness records are indeed controlled by seasonal hydroclimate conditions but not a single factor of summer monsoon rainfall strength in the southeast Mu Us Desert.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Profs. An, Zhisheng; Liu, Xiaodong; Shi, Zhengguo and Yan, Hong for constructive suggestions and comments. We would like to thank Dr. Huot Sebastien, Dr. Shari Eilene Effert-Fanta and Morgan Kay Bailey for their help in the experiments. We thank Drs. Lu, Ruijie; Xu, Zhiwei; Liu, Bing and Liu, Xiaokang who provided helpful information. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for providing helpful suggestions and reviews. This study was financially supported by the international partnership program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 132B61KYSB20170005); the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB 40000000); the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB955903); and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG1853). This study was also inspired by the NSFC Grant No. 42072206 and No. 42030512.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, 710061, China

    Peixian Shu, Weijian Zhou, Hong Ao & Baosheng Li

  2. Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061, China

    Peixian Shu, Weijian Zhou & Hong Ao

  3. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi’an AMS Center of IEECAS, 71061, Xi’an, China

    Peixian Shu & Weijian Zhou

  4. Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Hong Wang

  5. Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Weijian Zhou

  6. School of Geography, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China

    Dongfeng Niu

  7. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China

    Xiaohao Wen & Baosheng Li

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  1. Peixian Shu
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Shu, P., Wang, H., Zhou, W. et al. Seasonal rainfall patterns in stable carbon isotopes in the Mu Us Desert, northern China during the early and middle Holocene. Clim Dyn 56, 799–812 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05504-y

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