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Partial least regression approach to forecast the East Asian winter monsoon using Eurasian snow cover and sea surface temperature

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Abstract

Seasonal prediction of the East Asian (EA) winter monsoon (EAWM) is of great significance yet a challenging issue. In this study, three statistical seasonal prediction models for the EAWM are established using three leading modes of the Eurasian snow cover (ESC), the first leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) and the four leading modes of the combination of the ESC and SST in preceding autumn, respectively. These leading modes are identified by the partial-least square (PLS) regression. The first PLS (PLS1) mode for the ESC features significantly anomalous snow cover in Siberia and Tibetan Plateau regions. The ESC second PLS (PLS2) mode corresponds to large areas of snow cover anomalies in the central Siberia, whereas the third PLS (PLS3) mode a meridional seesaw pattern of ESC. The SST PLS1 mode basically exhibits an El Niño-Southern Oscillation developing phase in equatorial eastern Pacific and significant SST anomalies in North Atlantic. A strong EAWM tends to emerge in a La Niña year concurrent with cold SST anomalies in the North Atlantic, and vice versa. After a 35-year training period (1967–2001), three PLS seasonal prediction models are constructed and the 11-year hindcast is performed for the period of 2002–2012, respectively. The PLS model based on combination of the autumn ESC and SST exhibits the best hindcast skill among the three models, its correlation coefficient between the observation and the hindcast reaching 0.86. This indicates that this physical-based PLS model may provide another practical tool for the EAWM. In addition, the relative contribution of the ESC and SST is also examined by assessing the hindcast skills of the other two PLS models constructed solely by the ESC or SST. Possible physical mechanisms are also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Rutgers University Global Snow Lab for providing snow cover data. This work is jointly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0601801, 2015CB453201, 2015CB953904 and 2013CB430202) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 41575075, 91437216 and 91637312).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (IAS), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Lulu Yu, Zhiwei Wu, Renhe Zhang & Xin Yang

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  1. Lulu Yu
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  2. Zhiwei Wu
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  4. Xin Yang
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Correspondence to Zhiwei Wu.

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This paper is a contribution to the special issue on East Asian Climate under Global Warming: Understanding and Projection, consisting of papers from the East Asian Climate (EAC) community and the 13th EAC International Workshop in Beijing, China on 24–25 March 2016, and coordinated by Jianping Li, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Wei-Chyung Wang, Kyung-Ja Ha, Tim Li, and Akio Kitoh.

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Yu, L., Wu, Z., Zhang, R. et al. Partial least regression approach to forecast the East Asian winter monsoon using Eurasian snow cover and sea surface temperature. Clim Dyn 51, 4573–4584 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3757-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3757-z

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