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Projected changes in tropical cyclones over Vietnam and the South China Sea using a 25 km regional climate model perturbed physics ensemble

Climate Dynamics volume 45, pages 1983–2000 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

The regional climate modelling system PRECIS, was run at 25 km horizontal resolution for 150 years (1949–2099) using global driving data from a five member perturbed physics ensemble (based on the coupled global climate model HadCM3). Output from these simulations was used to investigate projected changes in tropical cyclones (TCs) over Vietnam and the South China Sea due to global warming (under SRES scenario A1B). Thirty year climatological mean periods were used to look at projected changes in future (2069–2098) TCs compared to a 1961–1990 baseline. Present day results were compared qualitatively with IBTrACS observations and found to be reasonably realistic. Future projections show a 20–44 % decrease in TC frequency, although the spatial patterns of change differ between the ensemble members, and an increase of 27–53 % in the amount of TC associated precipitation. No statistically significant changes in TC intensity were found, however, the occurrence of more intense TCs (defined as those with a maximum 10 m wind speed >35 m/s) was found to increase by 3–9 %. Projected increases in TC associated precipitation are likely caused by increased evaporation and availability of atmospheric water vapour, due to increased sea surface and atmospheric temperature. The mechanisms behind the projected changes in TC frequency are difficult to link explicitly; changes are most likely due to the combination of increased static stability, increased vertical wind shear and decreased upward motion, which suggest a decrease in the tropical overturning circulation.

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Acknowledgments

This research was carried out as part of the Capacity Building for Climate Change Project (CBCC) project (www.cbcc.org.vn), a UNDP funded initiative in collaboration with Vietnam’s Institute for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN). We would like to thank NOAA/National Climate Data Centre for providing IBTrACS data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK

    Grace Redmond, Carol Mcsweeney, Richard Jones & David Hein

  2. NERC Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, UK

    Kevin I. Hodges

Authors
  1. Grace Redmond
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  2. Kevin I. Hodges
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  3. Carol Mcsweeney
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  4. Richard Jones
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  5. David Hein
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Correspondence to Grace Redmond.

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Redmond, G., Hodges, K.I., Mcsweeney, C. et al. Projected changes in tropical cyclones over Vietnam and the South China Sea using a 25 km regional climate model perturbed physics ensemble. Clim Dyn 45, 1983–2000 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2450-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2450-8

Keywords

  • Tropical Cyclone
  • Regional Climate Model
  • Ensemble Member
  • Western North Pacific
  • Maximum Wind Speed