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Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades

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Abstract

Previous studies have linked the rapid sea level rise (SLR) in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) since the early 1990s to the Pacific decadal climate modes, notably the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the north Pacific or Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) considering its basin wide signature. Here, the authors investigate the changing patterns of decadal (10–20 years) and multidecadal (>20 years) sea level variability (global mean SLR removed) in the Pacific associated with the IPO, by analyzing satellite and in situ observations, together with reconstructed and reanalysis products, and performing ocean and atmosphere model experiments. Robust intensification is detected for both decadal and multidecadal sea level variability in the WTP since the early 1990s. The IPO intensity, however, did not increase and thus cannot explain the faster SLR. The observed, accelerated WTP SLR results from the combined effects of Indian Ocean and WTP warming and central-eastern tropical Pacific cooling associated with the IPO cold transition. The warm Indian Ocean acts in concert with the warm WTP and cold central-eastern tropical Pacific to drive intensified easterlies and negative Ekman pumping velocity in western-central tropical Pacific, thereby enhancing the western tropical Pacific SLR. On decadal timescales, the intensified sea level variability since the late 1980s or early 1990s results from the “out of phase” relationship of sea surface temperature anomalies between the Indian and central-eastern tropical Pacific since 1985, which produces “in phase” effects on the WTP sea level variability.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Clara Deser for reading the earlier version of this manuscript and providing helpful comments, and Dr. Adam Phillips for providing the CAM3 TOGA experiment results. Appreciation also goes to Dr. Martin Hoerling for the NSIPP model experiments, and Dr. James McWilliams for stimulating discussions at the earlier stage of this work. W.H. is supported by NSF CAREER award OCE 0847605. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. D.Y. is supported by China 973 project. We thank NCAR CISL for computational support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 311, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Weiqing Han & Jian Zheng

  2. Climate and Global Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA

    Gerald A. Meehl & Aixue Hu

  3. Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA

    Michael A. Alexander, Philip Pegion & Xiao-Wei Quan

  4. Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Toshio Yamagata

  5. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China

    Dongliang Yuan

  6. Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan

    Masayoshi Ishii

  7. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China

    Jian Zheng

  8. Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

    Benjamin D. Hamlington & Robert R. Leben

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Han, W., Meehl, G.A., Hu, A. et al. Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades. Clim Dyn 43, 1357–1379 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1951-1

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