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Influence of Antarctic ice sheet lowering on the Southern Hemisphere climate: modeling experiments mimicking the mid-Miocene

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Abstract

A coupled global atmosphere-ocean model is used to study the influence of the Antarctica ice sheet in a configuration that mimics that of the early Miocene on the atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Based on different climate simulations of the present day (CTR) and conducted with distinct Antarctic ice sheet topography (AIS-EXP), it is found that the reduction of the Antarctic ice sheet topography (AIS) induces warming of the Southern Hemisphere and reduces the meridional thermal gradient. Consequently, the atmospheric transient low level eddy heat flux \([(\overline{v^{\prime}T^{\prime}})]\) and the eddy momentum flux \([(\overline{u^{\prime}v^{\prime}})]\) are reduced causing the reduced transport of heat from the mid-latitudes to the pole. The stationary flow and transient wave anomalies generate changes in the SSTs which modify the rate of deep water formation, strengthening the formation of the Antarctic Bottom Water. Substantial changes are predicted to occur in the atmospheric and oceanic heat transport and a comparison between the total heat transport of the atmosphere-ocean system, as simulated by the AIS-EXP and the CTR runs, shows that the reduction of the AIS height leads to reduced Southern Hemisphere poleward and increased equatorward heat transport. These results are in agreement with reduced storm track activities and baroclinicity.

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Acknowledgments

We are pleased to acknowledge that the financial support has been provided through the FAPESP project 2011/20636-1, CNPQ 558290/2009-4 and FAPEMIG CRA-PPM-00020-11.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Vicosa PH Rolfs, 36570000, Vicosa, MG, Brazil

    F. Justino, J. Machado & M. Rodrigues

  2. Earth System Science Center, National Institute of Space Research, Rod. Pres. Dutra Km 40 SP-RJ, 12630-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    J. Marengo

  3. International Centre of Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera, 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy

    F. Kucharski

  4. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway

    F. Stordal

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  1. F. Justino
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Correspondence to F. Justino.

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Justino, F., Marengo, J., Kucharski, F. et al. Influence of Antarctic ice sheet lowering on the Southern Hemisphere climate: modeling experiments mimicking the mid-Miocene. Clim Dyn 42, 843–858 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1689-9

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