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The relation of vegetation over the Tibetan Plateau to rainfall in China during the boreal summer

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Abstract

The relationship between vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and summer (June–August) rainfall in China is investigated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Earth Resources Observation System and observed rainfall data from surface 616 stations in China for the period 1982–2001. The leading mode of empirical orthogonal functions analysis for summer rainfall variability in China shows a negative anomaly in the area from the Yangtze River valley to the Yellow River valley (YYR) and most of western China, and positive anomalies in southern China and North China. This mode is significantly correlated with summer NDVI around the southern TP. This finding indicates that vegetation around the southern TP has a positive correlation with summer rainfall in southern China and North China, but a negative correlation with summer rainfall in YYR and western China. We investigate the physical process by which vegetation change affects summer rainfall in China. Increased vegetation around the southern TP is associated with a descending motion anomaly on the TP and the neighboring area to the east, resulting in reduced surface heating and a lower Bowen ratio, accompanied by weaker divergence in the upper troposphere and convergence in the lower troposphere on the TP. In turn, these changes result in the weakening of and a westward shift in the southern Asian High in the upper troposphere and thereby the weakening of and an eastward withdrawal in the western Pacific subtropical high. These features result in weak circulation in the East Asian summer monsoon. Consequently, enhanced summer rainfall occurs in southern China and North China, but reduced rainfall in YYR.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the National Meteorological Information Centre of the China Meteorological Administration for providing precipitation data for China, the pathfinder AVHRR for providing NDVI data, and the NOAA/Climate Diagnostic Center for providing NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data on their Web sites. This study was sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2007CB411505, the National Key Program under Grant 2007BAC29B02, the Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2003DIB3J120 and the National natural science foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 40921003.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, No. 46 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China

    Zhiyan Zuo & Renhe Zhang

  2. National Meteorological Information Centre, Beijing, China

    Ping Zhao

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  1. Zhiyan Zuo
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  2. Renhe Zhang
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  3. Ping Zhao
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Correspondence to Zhiyan Zuo.

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Zuo, Z., Zhang, R. & Zhao, P. The relation of vegetation over the Tibetan Plateau to rainfall in China during the boreal summer. Clim Dyn 36, 1207–1219 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0863-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0863-6

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