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The effect of atmospheric CO2 and ice sheet topography on LGM climate

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Abstract

The role of reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet topography plus its associated land albedo on the LGM climate is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice climate system model. The surface cooling induced by the reduced CO2 concentration is larger than that by the ice sheet topography plus other factors by about 30% for the surface air temperature and by about 100% for the sea surface temperature. A large inter-hemispheric asymmetry in surface cooling with a larger cooling in the Northern Hemisphere is found for both cases. This asymmetric inter-hemispheric temperature response is consistent in the ice sheet topography case with earlier studies using an atmospheric model coupled with a mixed-layer ocean representation, but contrasts with these results in the reduced CO2 case. The incorporation of ocean dynamics presumably leads to a larger snow and sea ice feedback as a result of the reduction in northward ocean heat transport, mainly as a consequence of the decrease in the North Atlantic overturning circulation by the substantial freshening of the North Atlantic convection regions. A reversed case is found in the Southern Ocean. Overall, the reduction in atmospheric CO2 concentration accounts for about 60% of the total LGM climate change.

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Acknowledgements

The simulations discussed in this study were made while the author was at the Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis (CCCma) and this study greatly benefited from the consistent support and helpful comments by George Boer and Greg Flato. The author also wishes to thank other CCCma colleagues, especially Bernard Miville, Warren Lee, Daniel Robitaille, and Fouad Majaess for model and technical support. Valuable comments from colleagues at Duke University, especially Thomas Crowley, William Hyde, and Jesse Kenyon are appreciated. The author would like to thank to Anthony Broccoli and anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. This study was supported by the Climate System History and Dynamics (CSHD) program and Canadian Climate Research Network, Climate Variability Project.

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  1. Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea

    S. J. Kim

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Kim, S. The effect of atmospheric CO2 and ice sheet topography on LGM climate. Climate Dynamics 22, 639–651 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0412-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0412-2

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