Intra-axial endophytic tumors in the pons and/or medulla oblongata II. Intraoperative findings, postoperative results, and 2-year follow up in 25 children

Abstract

Between July 1987 and June 1994 we operated upon 30 consecutive children suffering from endophytic intra-axial tumors located in the pons and/or medulla oblongata. The 25 children operated on between July 1987 and October 1993 whose postoperative course could be assessed for a minimum of 2 years after operation were included in this study. Operability of a brain stem tumor was shown to be independent of its size. A gross tumor resection between 80% and 100% could be performed in half these cases, and subtotal or partial resection in the other half. The radicality of resection was not influenced by tumor histopathology, but was dependent on intraoperative findings relating to its consistency, infiltration, and visibility. On follow up, 15 of the 25 children were found to have died within the period of 2 years. Two children died in the immediate postoperative period (at 2 days and 2 weeks after surgery), of acute brain stem swelling and an unsuspected bleeding disorder, respectively. The other 13 of these 15 children died of tumor progression between 1 and 19 months after operation, with a median survival time of 9 months. In the group of the surviving 10 children the histopathology was grade I astrocystoma in 6 cases, angioma in 2 cases, and grade II oligodendroglioma and grade II ependymoma in 1 case each. Postoperatively, most of the children showed some increase in their preoperative deficits, but recovered after 2–3 months. After 2 years, 10 of the 25 children who were followed up are alive and 9 of them attend regular school or kindergarten.