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Molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma: evaluation of contribution to CSF diversion following tumour resection

  • Clinical Paper
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Abstract

Introduction

Medulloblastoma is the commonest malignant brain tumour in children. Pre-operative hydrocephalus is present in up to 90% of these patients at presentation. Following posterior fossa surgery, despite resolution of fourth ventricular obstruction, a proportion of these children will still require cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for management of persistent or new hydrocephalus. Various scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk for CSF diversion following posterior fossa surgery. However, no accurate tool exists regarding which pathological subset or group of medulloblastoma patients will require a shunt post-operatively. In this study we investigated the impact of molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma on shunt dependency post-operatively in paediatric patients.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective multi-centre study of children with medulloblastoma who underwent tumour resection. Those with available molecular subgroup were identified. Demographic data and clinical parameters including age, sex, presence of pre-operative hydrocephalus, extent of surgical resection, evidence of metastasis/leptomeningeal disease and need for CSF diversion post-operatively were further analysed.

Results

Sixty-nine children with medulloblastoma with available molecular data were identified during the study period with male to female ratio of 1.5:1 (42M:27F). Twelve patients (17.4%) belonged to SHH, 10 (14.5%) Wnt, 19 (27.5%) Group 3 and 15 (21.7%) Group 4; 13 (18.8%) were non-specified Group 3 or 4. A total of 18 (26%) patients had evidence of leptomeningeal disease at presentation (20% of Wnt, 42% of Group 3, 33% of group 4, 23% of group 3/4, and 0% of SHH). Fifteen patients (22%) underwent post-operative ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion. No patient in the Wnt group required ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt post-operatively in this cohort. Need for shunt was associated with pre-operative hydrocephalus, leptomeningeal disease, with molecular group 3 or 4 demonstrating higher rate of leptomeningeal disease, and pre-operative hydrocephalus. Age, extent of resection and pre-operative EVD were not associated with need for shunt in this cohort. Regression analysis identified only pre-operative hydrocephalus and leptomeningeal disease as independent predictors of need for shunt post-resection in this cohort.

Conclusion

All patients requiring permanent post-operative VP shunt belonged to non-Wnt groups, particularly group 3 and 4. Although medulloblastoma subgroup does not independently predict need for post-operative shunt, presence of leptomeningeal disease and pre-operative hydrocephalus, and their higher prevalence in group 3 and 4, likely account for observed higher rate of shunting in these groups.

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Abbreviations

mCPPRH Score:

Canadian preoperative prediction rule for hydrocephalus score

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

ETV:

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

VP shunt:

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, United Kingdom

    Fardad T. Afshari, Rehman Ali Baig, John Ong, Guirish A. Solanki & William B. Lo

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom

    Fardad T. Afshari, Sebastian Toescu, Keng Siang Lee & Kristian Aquilina

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Kevin King-Fai Cheng

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  1. Fardad T. Afshari
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  2. Sebastian Toescu
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  4. John Ong
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Contributions

F.A has written the article and contributed to the data collection and analysis, S.T, R.B, J.O, KSL, K.C and G.S have contributed to the data collection and analysis. W.L and K.A have edited and supervised the project.

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Correspondence to Fardad T. Afshari.

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Afshari, F.T., Toescu, S., Baig, R. et al. Molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma: evaluation of contribution to CSF diversion following tumour resection. Childs Nerv Syst 39, 563–568 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-023-05853-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-023-05853-z

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