Abstract
Purpose
To ascertain the benefits of practicing shunt pumping test on a validated experimental model.
Methods
A validated experimental model of shunt was used and 25 medical professionals were asked to assess the block in the model where artificial blocks were created. The assessment was repeated after the participants had practiced on the same model. The performance of participants before and after practice was compared and statistically evaluated.
Results
The ability to predict the status of shunt showed an improvement in all scenarios after practice. The odds ratio for predicting a blocked shunt before and after practice was 7.25 (95% credible interval: 1.50–21.01). The odds ratio for predicting a functional shunt before and after practice was 8.81 (95% credible interval of 1.64 to 13.65).
Conclusion
Practicing on the experimental model significantly improves the ability to predict the status of shunt. Training of primary caregivers on similar shunt models based on the shunts used in respective centers can improve an early detection of shunt block and reduce reliance on more invasive and expensive evaluation modalities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharma M, Mohan KR, Kumar S, Kumar KM (2021) “Shunt Pumping Test”: Detecteing its efficacy through an experimental model. Child's Nerv Syst 37(5): 1597-1604.
Salvatier J, Wiecki TV, Fonnesbeck C (2016) Probabilistic programming in python using PyMC3. Peer J Comput Sci 2:e55. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.55
Python Software Foundation. Python Language Reference, version 3.7.3. Available at http://www.python.org
Bergsneider M, Egnor MR, Johnston M et al (2006) What we don’t (but should) know about hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 104(3 suppl):157–159
Wallace AN, McConathy J, Menias CO, Bhalla S, Franz J (2014) Wippold II. imaging evaluation of CSF shunts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202(1):38–53
Kast J, Duong D, Nowzari F, Chadduck WM, Schiff SJ (1994) Time-related patterns of ventricular shunt failure. Childs Nerv Syst 10:524–528
Udayasankar UK, Braithwaite K, Arvaniti M et al (2008) Low-dose nonenhanced head CT protocol for follow-up evaluation of children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt: reduction of radiation and effect on image quality. AJNR 29:802–806
Iskandar BJ, Sansone JM, Medow J, Rowley HA (2004) The use of quick-brain magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of shunt-treated hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 101(2 suppl):147–151
Ouellette D, Lynch T, Bruder E et al (2009) Additive value of nuclear medicine shuntograms to computed tomography for suspected cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 25:827–830
Widder DJ, Davis KR, Taveras JM (1986) Assessment of ventricular shunt patency by sonography: a new noninvasive test. AJNR 7:439–442
MacKinnon AE (1983) Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency. Indian J Pediatr 50(403):219–222
Piatt JH Jr (1996) Pumping the shunt revisited. a longitudinal study. Pediatr Neurosurg 25(2): 73–6
Sharma M, Kumar S (2020) Validity of shunt pumping test as a screening modality for shunt block: an experimental study. Indian J Neurosurg 09(01):35–41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Dr Manish Sharma: conceptualisation, model preparation, conduct of study, manuscript writing. Dr Karthik Ram Mohan: conduct of study, critical evaluation, manuscript writing. Dr Suman Kumar: statistical analysis. Dr Krishna Kumar M: conduct of study.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no disclosures and there are no conflicts of interests involved.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, M., Mohan, K.R., Kumar, S. et al. “Shunt Pumping Test”: role of practice on an experimental model. Childs Nerv Syst 37, 2807–2811 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-021-05221-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-021-05221-9