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Sodium butyrate increases the effect of the photodynamic therapy: a mechanism that involves modulation of gene expression and differentiation in astrocytoma cells

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Abstract

Objectives

In order to evaluate the improvement of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to sodium butyrate (NaBu), its effectiveness in U373-MG and D54-MG astrocytoma cell lines was evaluated.

Methods

Cells were exposed to delta-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) as a precursor to endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). In both astrocytoma cells, an important increase by ALA was observed in uroporphyrinogen synthetase gene expression: 1.8- and 52-fold for D54-MG and U373-MG cells, respectively. After irradiation, they showed 16.67 and 28.9 % of mortality in U373-MG and D54-MG, respectively. These mortalities increased to 70.62 and 96.7 % when U373-MG and D54-MG cells, respectively, were exposed 24 h to 8 mM NaBu, before to PpIX induction. NaBu induced expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 and increased Bax in U373-MG cells. ALA-induced morphological changes are compatible to differentiation.

Conclusions

Genes and differentiation induced mainly by NaBu improve cell death performed by PDT in astrocytoma cells. These facts prove the synergistic effect of NaBu on cytotoxic damage induced by PDT.

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Acknowledgments

Financing for this study was provided by Sistema de Investigación y Posgrado through project 20070480 under the direction of Eva Ramon-Gallegos. ERG is Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI), Comisión Operadora para el Fomentos a las Actividades Académicas and Estímulo al Desarrollo de la Investigación fellow. F A-H is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI-I).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Avenida Antonio Caso s/n Colonia Villa ITSON, 85120, Sonora, Mexico

    José Bueno-Carrazco

  2. Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional “Adolfo López Mateos”, Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda, Manuel Stampa, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico

    Violeta Castro-Leyva, Fanny García-Gomez, Mario Solís-Paredes, Eva Ramon-Gallegos & Francisco Arenas-Huertero

  3. Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN, A P 14-740, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico

    Alfredo Cruz-Orea

  4. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico

    Pilar Eguía-Aguilar & Francisco Arenas-Huertero

  5. Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico

    Francisco Arenas-Huertero

Authors
  1. José Bueno-Carrazco
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  2. Violeta Castro-Leyva
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  3. Fanny García-Gomez
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  4. Mario Solís-Paredes
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  5. Eva Ramon-Gallegos
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  6. Alfredo Cruz-Orea
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  7. Pilar Eguía-Aguilar
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  8. Francisco Arenas-Huertero
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco Arenas-Huertero.

Additional information

José Bueno-Carrazco, Violeta Castro-Leyva, Fanny García-Gomez, and Mario Solís-Paredes contributed equally in the paper.

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Bueno-Carrazco, J., Castro-Leyva, V., García-Gomez, F. et al. Sodium butyrate increases the effect of the photodynamic therapy: a mechanism that involves modulation of gene expression and differentiation in astrocytoma cells. Childs Nerv Syst 28, 1723–1730 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-012-1828-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-012-1828-3

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