Abstract
Sea salt aerosols play a critical role in regulating the global climate through their interactions with solar radiation. The size distribution of these particles is crucial in determining their bulk optical properties. In this study, we analyzed in situ measured size distributions of sea salt aerosols from four field campaigns and used multi-mode lognormal size distributions to fit the data. We employed super-spheroids and coated super-spheroids to account for the particles’ non-spherictty, inhomogeneity, and hysteresis effect during the deliquescence and crystallization processes. To compute the single-scattering properties of sea salt aerosols, we used the state-of-the-art invariant imbedding T-matrix method, which allows us to obtain accurate optical properties for sea salt aerosols with a maximum volume-equivalent diameter of 12 µm at a wavelength of 532 nm. Our results demonstrated that the particle models developed in this study were successful in replicating both the measured depolarization and lidar ratios at various relative humidity (RH) levels. Importantly, we observed that large-size particles with diameters larger than 4 µm had a substantial impact on the optical properties of sea salt aerosols, which has not been accounted for in previous studies. Specifically, excluding particles with diameters larger than 4 µm led to underestimating the scattering and backscattering coefficients by 27%–38% and 43%–60%, respectively, for the ACE-Asia field campaign. Additionally, the depolarization ratios were underestimated by 0.15 within the 50%–70% RH range. These findings emphasize the necessity of considering large particle sizes for optical modeling of sea salt aerosols.
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Data availability statement. Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request. All the measurement data are publicly available to download from the websites listed in Table 2.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42022038, and 42090030). The authors acknowledge Prof. Weijun LI for his constructive advice on the particle models. The authors acknowledge NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL), the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics, and J. SCHMALE et al. for providing the in situ measurement data. A portion of the computations was performed on the cluster at the State Key Lab of CAD&CG at Zhejiang University and the computing facilities at the East China HPC Cloud Computing Center.
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• Different models were developed to account for the hysteresis effect of sea salt particles during the deliquescence and crystallization processes.
• The developed particle models could concurrently simulate the measured depolarization and liar ratios of sea salt aerosols at 532 nm.
• The exclusion of particles with diameters larger than 4 µm would significantly underestimate the scattering coefficient, backscattering coefficient, and depolarization ratio.
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Lin, W., Bi, L. Optical Modeling of Sea Salt Aerosols Using in situ Measured Size Distributions and the Impact of Larger Size Particles. Adv. Atmos. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3351-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3351-3