Abstract
In this paper, a statistical method called Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Analysis (GEFA) is used to investigate the responses of the North Pacific Storm Track (NPST) in the cold season to the multi-scale oceanic variations of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) system, including its large-scale variation, oceanic front meridional shift, and mesoscale eddy activity. Results show that in the cold season from the lower to the upper troposphere, the KE large-scale variation significantly weakens the storm track activity over the central North Pacific south of 30°N. The northward shift of the KE front significantly strengthens the storm track activity over the western and central North Pacific south of 40°N, resulting in a southward shift of the NPST. In contrast, the NPST response to KE mesoscale eddy activity is not so significant and relatively shallow, which only shows some significant positive signals near the dateline in the lower and middle troposphere. Furthermore, it is found that baroclinicity and baroclinic energy conversion play an important role in the formation of the NPST response to the KE multi-scale oceanic variations.
摘 要
本文利用广义平衡态反馈分析 (GEFA) 方法研究了冬季北太平洋风暴轴活动对黑潮延伸体多尺度海洋变化: 大尺度变化、 海洋锋经向移动和中尺度涡旋活动的响应特征. 结果表明, 在冬季, 从对流层低层到高层, 黑潮延伸体大尺度变化能显著减弱 30°N 以南中北太平洋的风暴轴活动, 而黑潮延伸体海洋锋的北移则能显著增强 40°N 以南西北太平洋和中北太平洋的风暴轴活动, 导致北太平洋风暴轴的南移. 相比之下, 黑潮延伸体中尺度涡旋活动对北太平洋风暴轴的影响并不十分显著且相对浅薄, 这种海洋变化仅能在对流层中低层的日界线附近引起风暴轴活动异常. 此外, 本文发现斜压性和斜压能量转换异常在北太平洋风暴轴对黑潮延伸体多尺度海洋变化的响应过程中起到了重要作用.
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Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge Prof. Huijun WANG, Haibo HU, and two anonymous reviewers whose valuable and insightful comments greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42105066, 42088101, 41975066). Peilong YU is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M701754), the Postdoctoral Research Funding of Jiangsu Province (2021K052A), and the Research Project of the National University of Defense Technology (ZK20-45).
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Article Highlights
• The impacts of the KE multi-scale oceanic variations on NPST activity show remarkable differences.
• Baroclinicity and baroclinic energy conversion play an important role in the NPST responses to the KE multi-scale oceanic variations.
• Both large-scale and mesoscale oceanic variations of the KE system are indispensable to the mid-latitude North Pacific climate.
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Yu, P., Yang, M., Zhang, C. et al. Response of the North Pacific Storm Track Activity in the Cold Season to Multi-scale Oceanic Variations of Kuroshio Extension System: A Statistical Assessment. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 40, 514–530 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2044-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2044-z
Key words
- generalized equilibrium feedback analysis
- Kuroshio Extension
- multi-scale oceanic variations
- North Pacific storm track