Abstract
High spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.
摘要
地球静止轨道卫星上的高光谱红外大气探测仪能够为数值天气预报提供高频次三维大气温度、湿度和风廓线信息,对于监测和预报高影响天气系统(例如快速发展的局地强风暴系统)至关重要。本文提出了混合观测系统模拟试验(OSSE)方法,并结合静止卫星上的高光谱红外大气探测仪数据进行模拟和影响试验。与传统的OSSE相比,混合OSSE只需要对未来卫星观测系统进行模拟,既避免了模拟现有观测系统的复杂性,又可以利用实际的观测数据对预报结果进行验证和评估。采用欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5再分析数据作为高时空分辨率大气场景来模拟静止气象卫星上的高光谱红外大气探测仪观测结果,通过对两个典型的强风暴天气过程进行模拟和影响试验,发现在现有观测系统的基础上加入静止卫星高光谱红外大气探测仪的观测数据可以进一步改善大气温度、湿度、风场、降水等预报,总体上降低5%左右的均方根误差。这表明基于静止卫星的高光谱红外大气探测仪观测,能够通过数据同化改善强风暴天气系统的预报。
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This work is supported by the NOAA GeoXO program (NA15NES4320001). The view, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s or U.S. government’s position, policy, or decision. Thanks to the JCSDA (Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation) for providing the “S4” supercomputer (Supercomputer for Satellite Simulations and Data Assimilation) physically located at SSEC at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as the main computational resource for this research study.
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Article Highlights
• The added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied by using a hybrid OSSE method.
• The hybrid OSSE system can be used to evaluate the simulated GEO CrIS-FSR data by verifying the simulated LEO CrIS-FSR compared to the real CrIS-FSR.
• The assimilation of GEO-hyperspectral IR data improves atmospheric temperature, moisture, wind, and precipitation forecasts.
• An overall 5% RMSE reduction was found from using a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder on the atmospheric variables.
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Wang, P., Li, Z., Li, J. et al. Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1315–1333 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0443-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0443-1