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Simulation and Improvements of Oceanic Circulation and Sea Ice by the Coupled Climate System Model FGOALS-f3-L

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Abstract

This study documents simulated oceanic circulations and sea ice by the coupled climate system model FGOALS-f3-L developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under historical forcing from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). FGOALS-f3-L reproduces the fundamental features of global oceanic circulations, such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), mixed layer depth (MLD), vertical temperature and salinity, and meridional overturning circulations. There are notable improvements compared with the previous version, FGOALS-s2, such as a reduction in warm SST biases near the western and eastern boundaries of oceans and salty SSS biases in the tropical western Atlantic and eastern boundaries, and a mitigation of deep MLD biases at high latitudes. However, several obvious biases remain. The most significant biases include cold SST biases in the northwestern Pacific (over 4°C), freshwater SSS biases and deep MLD biases in the subtropics, and temperature and salinity biases in deep ocean at high latitudes. The simulated sea ice shows a reasonable distribution but stronger seasonal cycle than observed. The spatial patterns of sea ice are more realistic in FGOALS-f3-L than its previous version because the latitude-longitude grid is replaced with a tripolar grid in the ocean and sea ice model. The most significant biases are the overestimated sea ice and underestimated SSS in the Labrador Sea and Barents Sea, which are related to the shallower MLD and weaker vertical mixing.

摘要

本文记录了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学国家重点实验室开发的耦合气候系统模式FGOALS-f3-L参与第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)的历史强迫试验模拟的海洋环流和海冰。FGOALS-f3-L可以重现全球海洋环流的基本特征,包括海表面温度(SST)、海表面盐度(SSS)、混合层厚度(MLD)、垂直温度和盐度结构、以及经向翻转环流等。与上一版本模式FGOALS-s2相比,新版本模式表现出一些明显的改进,包括海洋东西边界地区SST暖偏差的减小、热带西大西洋和海洋东边界SSS咸偏差的减小、以及高纬度地区MLD深偏差的缓解。尽管如此,模拟的海洋中依然存在一些明显的偏差。最明显的偏差包括西北太平洋中的SST冷偏差(超过4°C)、副热带地区的SSS淡偏差和MLD深偏差、以及高纬度深层海洋中的温度和盐度偏差。模式模拟的海冰表现出合理的空间分布,但是模拟的海冰季节循环强于观测。FGOALS-f3-L中的海冰空间分布比其前一个版本更加真实,这是由于海洋和海冰模式中引入了三极网格替代了原有的经纬网格。整体海洋和海冰模拟中最显著的偏差就是拉布拉多海至巴伦支海一带偏多的海冰以及偏低的SSS,它们与这一区域偏浅的MLD以及偏弱的垂直混合有关。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yuyang Guo, Yongqiang Yu, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Bian He, Qing Bao, Bo An & Shuwen Zhao

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yuyang Guo, Yongqiang Yu, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Bian He, Qing Bao, Bo An & Shuwen Zhao

  3. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yongqiang Yu & Hailong Liu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Lijuan Hua

Authors
  1. Yuyang Guo
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  2. Yongqiang Yu
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  3. Pengfei Lin
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  4. Hailong Liu
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  5. Bian He
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  6. Qing Bao
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  8. Shuwen Zhao
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  9. Lijuan Hua
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yongqiang Yu.

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Article Highlights

• The CMIP6 historical simulation of oceanic circulation and sea ice by FGOALS-f3-L is evaluated and compared with the latest observed data.

• The improvements of FGOALS-f3-L compared to the previous version, FGOALS-s2, are highlighted.

• FGOALS-f3-L is able to reproduce the historical climate well, with some biases, and shows remarkable improvements.

Aknowledgements

This study was jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA19060102 and XDB42000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41530426, 91958201, and 41931183).

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Guo, Y., Yu, Y., Lin, P. et al. Simulation and Improvements of Oceanic Circulation and Sea Ice by the Coupled Climate System Model FGOALS-f3-L. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1133–1148 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0006-x

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