Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Extreme Rainfall Events over Hainan Island

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) extreme rainfall events over Hainan Island from 1969 to 2014 are analyzed from the viewpoint of the TC maximum daily rainfall (TMDR) using daily station precipitation data from the Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration, TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The frequencies of the TMDR reaching 50, 100 and 250 mm show a decreasing trend [−0.7 (10 yr)−1], a weak decreasing trend [−0.2 (10 yr)−1] and a weak increasing trend [0.1 (10 yr)−1], respectively. For seasonal variations, the TMDR of all intensity grades mainly occurs from July to October, with the frequencies of TMDR - 50 mm and - 100 mm peaking in September and the frequency of TMDR - 250 mm [TC extreme rainstorm (TCER) events] peaking in August and September. The western region (Changjiang) of the Island is always the rainfall center, independent of the intensity or frequencies of different intensity grades. The causes of TCERs are also explored and the results show that topography plays a key role in the characteristics of the rainfall events. TCERs are easily induced on the windward slopes of Wuzhi Mountain, with the coordination of TC tracks and TC wind structure. A slower speed of movement, a stronger TC intensity and a farther westward track are all conducive to extreme rainfall events. A weaker northwestern Pacific subtropical high is likely to make the 500-hPa steering flow weaker and results in slower TC movement, whereas a stronger South China Sea summer monsoon can carry a higher moisture flux. These two environmental factors are both favorable for TCERs.

摘要

利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心的台站日降水资料、上海台风所的热带气旋最佳路径数据集和NCEP/NCAR再分析数据,从热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone, 简称TC)最大日降水(TC Maximum Daily Rainfall, 简称TMDR)的角度, 探讨了1969-2014年海南岛TC极端降水的特征. 三种强度级别极端降水(TMDR≥50 mm、≥100mm 和≥250 mm)事件的频数分别呈现减小趋势[−0.7 (10 yr)−1]、弱减少趋势[−0.2 (10 yr)−1]和弱增加趋势[0.1 (10 yr)−1]. 季节变化上, 不同强度级别事件均主要出现在7-10月. 其中, TMDR ≥50 mm 和 ≥100 mm的事件9月发生最多, 而TMDR ≥250 mm [TC extreme rainstorm, 简称TCER]的事件在8月和9月平分秋色. 不论是从降水强度还是从不同强度级别极端降水的频数来看, 海南岛西部地区(昌江)总是强降水中心. 本文进一步探讨了TCERs的形成原因. 结果表明, 地形对TCERs的空间特征的形成起到了关键性的作用. 在TC路径和风场结构的配合下, TCERs容易发生在五指山的迎风坡. 较慢的TC移动速度、较强的TC强度和偏西的TC路径均有利于产生极端降水事件. 弱的西太平洋副热带高压导致引导TC移动的气流偏弱, 从而使TC移动偏慢. 南海夏季风偏强使输送到降水区的水汽通量偏强. 这两个环境因子均有利于形成TCERs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atallah, E., L. F. Bosart, and A. R. Aiyyer, 2007: Precipitation distribution associated with landingfalling tropical cyclones over the eastern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2185–2206, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3382.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baek, E.-H., J.-H. Kim, J.-S. Kug, G.-H. Lim, 2013: Favorable versus unfavorable synoptic backgrounds for indirect precipitation events ahead of tropical cyclones approaching the Korean Peninsula:A comparison of two cases. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 49, 333–346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-013-0032-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, X. W., and Coauthors, 2015: Diagnostics for an extreme rain event near Shanghai during the Landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013). Mon. Wea. Rev., 143, 3377–3405, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00241.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosart, L. F., and G. M. Lackmann, 1995: Postlandfall tropical cyclone reintensification in a weakly baroclinic environment: A case study of hurricane david (September 1979). Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3268–3291, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<3268:PTCRIA>2.0.CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai, X. H., R. Y. Yang, G. H. Zhou, and Z. H. Guo, 2012: Analysis on heavy rainfall process caused by 1117 strong typhoon “ Neuchatel ” in Hainan Island. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application, 33, 5–8, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.2012.02.002. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, J. C. L., and X. D. Liang, 2003: Convective asymmetries associated with tropical cyclone landfall. Part I: F-plane simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1560–1576, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1560:CAAWTC>2.0.CO;2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B.-F., R. L. Elsberry, and C.-S. Lee, 2014: Origin and maintenance of the long-lasting, outer mesoscale convective system in typhoon Fengshen (2008). Mon. Wea. Rev., 142, 2838–2859, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00036.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L. S., and Y. H. Ding, 1979: An Introduction to the West Pacific Typhoons. Science Press, 440–488. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L. S., X. D. Xu, Z. X. Luo, and J. Z. Wang, 2002: Introduction to Tropical Cyclone Dynamics. China Meteorological Press, 317 pp. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chow, K. C., K. L. Chan, and A. K. H. Lau, 2002: Generation of moving spiral bands in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2930–2950, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469 (2002)059<2930:GOMSBI>2.0.CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, M. Y., G. Y. Xue, and P. Q. Zheng, 2006: Study on the characteristics of tropical cyclones activity over the western North Pacific in 2004 and the cause of formation. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 22, 498–504, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.05.013. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, M. Y., L. S. Chen, Y. Li, and C. G. Lu, 2010: Rainfall reinforcement associated with landfalling tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3541–3558, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010 JAS3268.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, L., and L. S. Chen, 2005: Diagnostic analysis and numerical study of torrential rain associated with the tropical storm Fitow (0114). Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 29, 343–353, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.03.02. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duan, L., L. S. Chen, and X. D. Xu, 2006: The numerical simulation on the impact of topography on the structure change and motion of tropical storm Fitow (0114). Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 64, 186–193, 258, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2006.02.006. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsberry, R. L., 1994: A Global View of Tropical Cyclones. L. S. Chen, Trans., China Meteorological Press, 341 pp. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, C. N., G. J. Holland, and P. T. May, 2006: Mechanisms for the generation of mesoscale vorticity features in tropical cyclone rainbands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2649–2669, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3222.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, S. Z., Z. Y. Meng, F. Q. Zhang, and L. F. Bosart, 2009: Observational analysis of heavy rainfall mechanisms associated with severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) after its landfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1881–1897, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008 MWR2669.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, W. M., 1981: Recent advances in tropical cyclone research from rawinsonde composite analysis. WMO Program on Research in Tropical Meteorology. Fort Collins, Colorado, 407 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, P., H. P. Huang, H. J. Chen, and Y. Zheng, 2010: Analysis on moving path of tropical storm “SWAN” (No. 0907) and its torrential rain. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application, 31, 5–8, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.2010.03.002. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., L. S. Chen, and J. Z. Wang, 2004: The diagnostic analysis on the characteristics of large scale circulation corresponding to the sustaining and decaying of tropical cyclone after it’s landfall. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62, 167–179, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2004.02.004. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Y.-L., D. B. Ensley, S. Chiao, and C.-Y. Huang, 2002: Orographic influences on rainfall and track deflection associated with the passage of a tropical cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2929–2950, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002) 130<2929:OIORAT>2.0.CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao, X., Z. He, and S. R. Mao, 1996: Statistical features of unusually heavy rainstorms by tropical cyclones in southern China. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 12, 78–84, https://doi.org/10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.1996.01.011. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, M. T., and R. J. Kallenbach, 1997: A theory for vortex rossby-waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 435–465, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712353810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, M. D., 1982: The transition of the hurricane Frederic boundary-layer wind field from the open gulf of Mexico to landfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1912–1932, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<1912:TTOTHF>2.0.CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, Y. Y., 1997: Weather patterns and interannual variations of typhoon torrential rain during midsummer in North China. Meteorological Monthly, 23, 3–9. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, F. M., B. Gleason, and D. R. Easterling, 2001: A numerical technique for partitioning cyclone tropical precipitation. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 17, 308–313, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2001.03.015. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, F. M., Y. M. Wang, X. L. Wang, and W. J. Li, 2007: Estimating tropical cyclone precipitation from station observations. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 700–711, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0700-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ren, F. M., G. X. Wu, X. L. Wang, Y. M. Wang, W. J. Dong, J. Liang, and L. N. Bai, 2011: Tropical Cyclones Affecting China Over the Last 60 Years. China Meteorological Press, 203 pp. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, F. M.,W. Y. Qiu, C. C. Ding, X. L. Jiang, L. G.Wu, Y. L. Xu, and Y. H. Duan, 2017: An Objective Index of Tropical Cyclone Track Similarity and Its Preliminary Application in the Prediction of the Precipitation Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard, C. Y. L., W. Zhou, and T. C. Lee, 2015: Climatological characteristics and observed trends of tropical cycloneinduced rainfall and their influences on long-term rainfall variations in Hong Kong. Mon. Wea. Rev., 143, 2192–2206, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00332.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada, M., and T. Iwasaki, 2010: Impacts of evaporation from raindrops on tropical cyclones. Part II: Features of rainbands and asymmetric structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 84–96, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3195.1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J. H., and S. X. Zhao, 2000: Diagnoses and simulations of typhoon (Tim) landing and producing heavy rainfall in China. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 24, 223–237, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2000.02.11. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, H.-C., and T. H. Lee, 2009: Maximum covariance analysis of typhoon surface wind and rainfall relationships in Taiwan. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 48, 997–1016, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAMC1963.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. J., S. A. Wu, and P. M. Zhai, 2007: The impact of tropical cyclones on Hainan island’s extreme and total precipitation. International Journal of Climatology, 27, 1059–1064, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, H. X., and B. Du, 2015: The impact of typhoon Danas (2013) on the torrential rainfall associated with typhoon Fitow (2013) in East China. Advances in Meteorology, 2015, 383712, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/383712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M.-J., S. A. Braun, and D.-S. Chen, 2011: Water budget of typhoon Nari (2001). Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3809–3828, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-10-05090.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ying, M., W. Zhang, H. Yu, X. Lu, J. Feng, Y. Fan, Y. Zhu, and D. Chen, 2014: An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 287–301, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00119.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, C.-K., and L.-W. Cheng, 2013: Distribution and mechanisms of orographic precipitation associated with typhoon Morakot (2009). J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 2894–2915, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0340.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, Z. H., 2002: The spiral rain bands of tropical cyclone and the vortex Rossby waves. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 60, 502–507, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2002.04.014. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yue, C. J., S. T. Gao, L. Liu, and X. F. Li, 2015: A diagnostic study of the asymmetric distribution of rainfall during the landfall of typhoon Haitang (2005). Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1419–1430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-4246-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X. Q., Z. Y. Ding, and Y. Wang, 2001: Actuality of high-jet and heavy rainfall caused by interaction between the mid-latitude synoptic system and typhoon. Meteorological Monthly, 27, 3–8, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2001.08.001. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S.-S., and X.-L. Wang, 2012: Decadal variations of extreme tropical cyclones influencing China during 1949-2009. Advances in Climate Change Research, 3, 121–127, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2012.00121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41375056), the National Science-Technology Support Plan Project (Grant No. 2013BAK05B03), the Hainan Meteorological Service Research Project (Grant No. HNQXQN201402), the China Meteorological Administration Forecaster Special Project (Grant No. CMAYBY2015-058) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41675042).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate–Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Xianling Jiang & Zhuguo Ma

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xianling Jiang

  3. State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Xianling Jiang & Fumin Ren

  4. Hainan Meteorological Observatory, Haikou, 570203, China

    Xianling Jiang & Qinbo Cai

  5. Zhuhai Meteorological Bureau, Zhuhai, 519000, China

    Yunjie Li

  6. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Wenyu Qiu

Authors
  1. Xianling Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fumin Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yunjie Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wenyu Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhuguo Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Qinbo Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fumin Ren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jiang, X., Ren, F., Li, Y. et al. Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Extreme Rainfall Events over Hainan Island. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 35, 580–591 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7051-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7051-0

Keywords

关键词

Search

Navigation