Abstract
Temporal-spatial variations in tropospheric ozone concentrations over East Asia in the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2004 were simulated by using the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields calculated by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The simulated concentrations of ozone and carbon monoxide were compared with ground level observations at two remote sites, Ryori (39.03°N, 141.82°E) and Yonagunijima (24.47°N, 123.02°E). The comparison shows that the model reproduces their seasonal variation patterns reasonably well, and simulated ozone levels are generally in good agreement with the observed ones, but carbon monoxide concentrations are underestimated. Analysis of horizontal distributions of monthly averaged ozone mixing ratios in the surface layer indicates that ozone concentrations have noticeable differences among the four seasons; they are generally higher in the spring and summer while lower in the winter, reflecting the seasonal variation of solar intensity and photochemical activity and the fact that the monsoons over East Asia are playing an important role in ozone distributions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akimoto, H., H. Nakane, and Y. Matsumoto, 1994: The chemistry of oxidant generation: Tropospheric ozone increase in Japan. The Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Its Impact on Global Change, J. G. Calvert, Ed., Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, MA., 261–273.
Byun, D. W., and J. K. S. Ching, Eds., 1999: Science algorithms of the EPA Models-3 community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system. EPA/600/R-99/030, NERL, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Carter, W. P. L., 2000: Documentation of the SAPRC-99 Chemical Mechanism for VOC Reactivity Assessment. Final Report to California Air Resources Board, Contract 92-329 and contract 95-308.
Ding, Y., 1994: The summer monsoon in East Asia. Chapter 1, Monsoons Over China. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1–76.
Holton, J. R., 1990: On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 392–395.
Lee, S.-H., H. Akimoto, H. Nakane, S. Kurnosenko, and Y. Kinjo, 1998: Increase of tropospheric ozone at Okinawa, Japan. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1637–1640.
Lelieveld, J., and F. J. Dentener, 2000: What controls tropospheric ozone? J. Geophys. Res., 105(D3), 3531–3551.
Mauzerall, D. L., D. Narita, H. Akimoto, L. Horowitz, S. Walters, D. A. Hauglustaine, and G. Brasseur, 2000: Seasonal characteristics of tropospheric ozone production and mixing ratios over East Asia: A global three-dimensional chemical transport model analysis. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D14), 17895–17910.
Monks, P. S., 2000: A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum. Atmos. Environ., 34, 3534–3561.
Olivier J., J. Peters, C. Granier, G. Petron, J. F. Muller, and S. Wallens, 2003: Present and future surface emissions of atmospheric compounds. POET report No. 2, EU project EVK2-1999-00011.
Oltmans, S. J., and Coauthors, 1998: Trends of ozone in the troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 139–142.
Pielke, R. A., and Coauthors, 1992: A comprehensive meteorological modeling system-RAMS. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 49, 69–91.
Pochanart, P., H. Akimoto, Y. Kinjo, and H. Tanimoto, 2002: Surface ozone at four remote island sites and the preliminary assessment of the exceedances of its critical level in Japan. Atmos. Environ., 36, 4235–4250.
Streets, D. G., and Coauthors, 2003: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D21.8809.
Tang, J., and Coauthors, 1995: Surface ozone measurement at China GAW baseline observatory. Conference on the Measurement and Assessment of Atmospheric Composition Change, World Meteorol. Organ., Int. Global Atmos. Chem., Beijing.
van Aardenne, A. J., G. R. Carmichael, H. Levy II, D. G. Streets, and L. Hordijk, 1999: Anthropogenic NOx emissions in Asia in the period 1990–2020. Atmos. Environ., 33, 633–646.
Zhang, M., I. Uno, S. Sugata, Z. F. Wang, D. Byun, and H. Akimoto, 2002: Numerical study of boundary layer ozone transport and photochemical production in east Asia in the wintertime. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1545, doi: 10.1029/2001GL014368.
Zhang, M., Y. F. Xu, I. Uno, and H. Akimoto, 2004: A numerical study of tropospheric ozone in the springtime in East Asia. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 163–170.
Zhang, M., and Coauthors, 2003: Large-scale structure of trace gas and aerosol distributions over the western Pacific Ocean during TRACE-P. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8820, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002946.
Zhu, B., H. Akimoto, Z. Wang, K. Sudo, J. Tang, and I. Uno, 2004: Why does surface ozone peak in summertime at Waliguan? Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L17104, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020609.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, L., Zhang, M. & Han, Z. Model analysis of seasonal variations in tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide over East Asia. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 26, 312–318 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-0312-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-0312-9