Abstract
The complexity of the opaque soil matrix is a major obstacle to studying the organisms that inhabit it. Fast technological progress now offers new possibilities for the monitoring of soil biodiversity and root growth, such as in situ soil imaging. This study presents the potential of soil imaging devices to investigate the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of soil biological activity and their interactions. The soil imaging devices were buried in a truffle field located in the south of France and set up to capture images automatically every 6 h at 1200 dpi. For the first time, root growth, mycorrhizal colonization and invertebrate occurrences – for 16 taxa – were studied simultaneously on the images captured over 3 months (between May and July 2019). The peak in root growth occurred at the end of May and beginning of June, followed by a peak in ectomycorrhizal colonization in mid-June. For invertebrates, specific dynamics of activity were observed for each taxon, reflecting contrasting phenologies. The constructed network of co-occurrences between invertebrates shows a change in its structure over the period, with a reduction of connectance. At a fine scale, oak fine roots revealed temporally variable growth rates with higher values at night. This window on the opaque soil matrix addresses many methodological challenges by allowing the monitoring of soil biological activity in an integrative, dynamic and non-destructive way. This innovative in situ imaging tool opens new questions and new ways of answering long-standing questions in soil ecology.
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We thank Jérôme Galis, the truffle producer, for allowing us to carry out the experiments on his fields.
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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The datasets and R code generated during the current study are available at https://doi.org/10.57745/6NDLHC.
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Dominique Barry-Etienne and Christophe Jourdan conceived the ideas and designed methodology. Dominique Barry-Etienne and Christophe Jourdan collected the data. Emma Belaud and Mickael Hedde analyzed the data. Emma Belaud led the writing of the manuscript. Emma Belaud, Mickael Hedde, Christophe Jourdan, Dominique Barry-Etienne, Claire Marsden, Elisa Taschen and Agnès Robin contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.
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Belaud, E., Jourdan, C., Barry-Etienne, D. et al. In situ soil imaging, a tool for monitoring the hourly to monthly temporal dynamics of soil biota. Biol Fertil Soils 60, 1055–1071 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01851-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01851-8