Abstract
The competition with established soil populations of Bradyrhizobium able to nodulate soybean has been one of the major constraints to the introduction of more efficient strains in Cerrados soils. The effects of nodulation establishment and persistence of four serologically distinct strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (CPAC 15 and CPAC 7, belonging to serogroups USDA 123 and CB 1,809) and B. elkanii (29 W and SEMIA 587, belonging to serogroups 29 W and 587) were examined. These strains were introduced in a dark-red oxisol, without indigenous populations of soybean bradyrhizobia, and were evaluated for 6 years. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replicates. In the first year, besides the inoculation treatments, there was also an uninoculated control. In the second year, the main plots were split into three sub-plots and treatments consisted of an uninoculated control, CPAC 7 and CPAC 15. In the third year, the entire area was inoculated with CPAC 7. In the fourth and sixth years, the plots were planted with soybean without inoculation, and in the fifth year the plots were left fallow. The strains introduced in the first year influenced nodule occupancy by strain CPAC 7 until the third successive growing season. By the fourth and sixth years, as a consequence of the dispersal of strains serologically related to serocluster 123 in the entire experimental area, this serogroup dominated the nodulation, occurring, on average, in more than 50% of the nodules of the treatments where it had never been inoculated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel GH, Erdman LH (1964) Response of Lee soybeans to different strains of Rhizobium japonicum. Agron J 56:423–424
Boddey LH, Hungria M (1997) Determination of characteristics of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii species in Brazilian strains which nodulate soybean. Biol Fertil Soils 25:407–415
Brockwell J, Roughley RJ, Herridge DF (1987) Population dynamics of Rhizobium japonicum strains used to inoculate three successive crops of soybean. Aust J Agric Res 38:61–74
CONAB (2003) Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento database. http://www.conab.gov.br. Cited 25 Jan 2004
Damirgi SM, Frederick LR, Anderson IC (1967) Serogroups of Rhizobium japonicum in soybean nodules as affected by soil types. Agron J 59:10–12
Dunigan EP, Bollich PK, Hutchinson RL, Hicks PM, Zaunbrecher FC, Scott SG, Mowers RP (1984) Introduction and survival of an inoculant strain of Rhizobium japonicum in soil. Agron J 76:463–466
Elkins DM, Chan CKY, Briskovich MA, Vandeventer JW (1976) Effect of cropping history on soybean growth and nodulation and soil rhizobia. Agron J 68:513–517
EMBRAPA (1997) Manual de análises de solo, 2nd edn. Serviço Nacional de Levantamento e Conservaçăo do Solo, Rio de Janeiro
Ferreira MC, Hungria, M (2002) Recovery of soybean inoculant strains from uncropped soils in Brazil. Field Crops Res 79:139–152
Freire JRJ, Kolling J, Vidor C, Pereira JS, Kolling IG, Mendes NG (1983) Sobrevivência e competiçăo por sítios de nodulaçăo de estirpes de Rhizobium japonicum na cultura da soja. Rev Bras Cienc Solo 7:47–53
Gibson AH, Demezas DH, Gault RR, Bhuvaneswari TV, Brockwell J (1990) Genetic stability in rhizobia in the field. Plant Soil 129:37–44
Hungria M, Nishi CYM, Cohn J, Stacey G (1996) Comparison between parental and variant soybean Bradyrhizobium strains with regard to the production of lipo-chitin nodulation signals, early stages of root infection, nodule occupancy, and N2 fixation rates. Plant Soil 186:331–341
Hungria M, Boddey LH, Santos MA, Vargas MAT (1998) Nitrogen fixation capacity and nodule occupancy by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii strains. Biol Fertil Soils 27:393–399
Hungria M, Campo RJ, Mendes IC (2001) Fixaçăo biológica do nitrogênio na cultura da soja. (Embrapa Soja Circular Técnica 35/Embrapa Cerrados Circular Técnica 13) Embrapa Soja,Londrina
Kang UG, Somasegaran P, Hoben HJ, Bohlool BB (1991) Symbiotic potential, competitiveness, and serological properties of Bradyrhizobium japonicum indigenous to Korean soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:1038–1045
Keyser HH, Cregan PB (1987) Nodulation and competition for nodulation of selected soybean genotypes among Bradyrhizobium japonicum serogroup 123 isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2631–2635
Klubek, BP, Hendrickson LL, Zablotowicz RM, Skwara JE, Varsa EC, Smith S, Islieb TG, Maya J, Valdes M, Dazzo FB, Todd RL, Walgenback DD (1988) Competitiveness of selected Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in midwestern USA soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:662–666
Kvien CS, Ham GE, Lambert JW (1981) Recovery of introduced Rhizobium japonicum strains by soybean genotypes. Agron J 73:900–905
McLoughlin TJ, Hearn S, Alt SG (1990) Competition for nodule occupancy of introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in a Wisconsin soil with a low indigenous bradyrhizobia population. Can J Microbiol 36:839–845
Mendes IC, Suhet AR, Vargas MAT, Peres JRR, Vivaldi L (1994) Efeitos do trifluralin e da inoculaçăo com rizobio na soja cultivada em solo de Cerrado. Rev Bras Cienc Solo 18:433–439
Moawad H, Ellis WR, Schmidt EL (1984) Rhizosphere response as a factor in competition among three serogroups of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 47:607–612
Neves MCP, Didonet AD, Duque FF, Dobereiner J (1985) Rhizobium strain effects on nitrogen transport and distribution in soybeans. J Exp Bot 36:1179–1192
Nishi CYM, Hungria M (1996) Efeito da reinoculaçăo da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) em um solo com populaçăo estabelecida com as estirpes SEMIA 566, 586, 5019, 5079 e 5080. Pesq Agropec Bras 20:147–162
Nishi CYM, Boddey LH, Vargas MAT, Hungria M (1996) Morphological, physiological and genetic characterization of two new Bradyrhizobium strains recently recommended in Brazilian commercial inoculants for soybean. Symbiosis 20:147–162
Peres JRR, Vidor C (1980) Seleçăo de estirpes de Rhizobium japonicum e competitividade por sítios de infecçăo nodular em cultivares de soja. Agron Sulriograndense 16:205–219
Peres JRR, Mendes IC, Suhet AR, Vargas MAT (1993) Eficiência e competitividade de estirpes de rizobio para soja em solos de cerrado. Rev Bras Cienc Solo 17:357–363
Robert FM, Schmidt EL (1985a) A comparison of lectin binding activity in two strains of Rhizobium japonicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 27:281–285
Robert FM, Schmidt EL (1985b) Response of three indigenous serogroups of Rhizobium japonicum to the rhizosphere of pre-emergent seedlings of soybean. Soil Sci Soc Am J 17:579–580
Schmidt EL, Zidwick MJ, Abebe H (1986) Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 and diversity among member isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 51:1212–1215
Scotti MRMML, Carvalho-Silva DR, Vargas MAT, Neves MCP, Dobereiner J (1997) Changes in electrophoretic profiles of lipopolysaccharides from competitive strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. induced by soybean roots. J Appl Microbiol 83:552–560
Semu E, Hume DJ (1979) Effects of inoculation and fertilizer N levels on N2 fixation and yields of soybeans. Can J Plant Sci 59:1129–1137
Somasegaran P, Hoben HJ (1994) Handbook for rhizobia: methods in legume-Rhizobium technology. Springer, New York Heidelberg Berlin
Vargas MAT, Suhet AR (1980). Efeitos de tipos e níveis de inoculantes na soja cultivada em um solo de Cerrado. Pesq Agropec Bras 15:343–347
Vargas MAT, Mendes IC, Suhet AR, Peres JRR (1993) Fixaçăo Biológica do Nitrogênio. In: Arantes NE, Souza PIM (eds) Simpósio sobre a cultura do soja nos Cerrados. Potafos, Uberlandia, pp 159–182
Vargas MAT, Mendes IC, Suhet AR, Peres JRR (1994) Inoculation of soybean in Cerrado soils with established populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Rev Microbiol 25:245–250
Vargas MAT, Mendes IC, Moreira AC, Burle ML, Hungria M (2002) Inoculaçăo de leguminosas e manejo de adubos verdes. In: Sousa DMG, Lobato E (eds) Cerrados adubaçăo e Correçăo do Solo. Embrapa Cerrados, Brasília, pp 97–127
Vincent JM (1970) A manual for the practical study of root-nodule bacteria. (IBP handbook 15) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
Acknowledgements
We thank Osmar Teago, Emilio Taveira, Maria das Dores Silva, Odete Justino and Vilderete Alves for their technical assistance. This work was partially financed by CNPq-PRONEX, Group of Excellence in Nitrogen Fixation (41.96.0884.00). M. Hungria (520396/96-0) acknowledges research fellowship from CNPq.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mendes, I.C., Hungria, M. & Vargas, M.A.T. Establishment of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii strains in a Brazilian Cerrado oxisol. Biol Fertil Soils 40, 28–35 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0739-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0739-1