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Organic matter in the deltaic clinoform of the São Francisco River (Eastern Brazil)

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Abstract

The São Francisco River is one of the most important rivers in Brazil. The wave-dominated delta at its mouth includes a well-developed muddy clinoform on the adjacent shelf. This study aimed to understand sedimentary organic matter (OM) distribution and the relative contribution of terrestrial/fluvial and marine sources. A dense and evenly distributed sampling grid was used to evaluate the contribution of different OM sources and the influence of local factors. The following parameters were evaluated: grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), carbonates, and carbon isotopes (δ13C). The spatial distribution of OM properties shows similarities with the spatial arrangement of the various sedimentary provinces of the clinoform (topset, foreset, and bottomset) and the lateral contributions of sediments from neighboring reef bottoms, advected by coastal flows. TOC and TN varied respectively between 0.11 and 1.56% and between 0.02 and 0.20%. The distribution of these parameters in combination with %CaCO3 shows that the major contributors of TOC to the study area are the São Francisco River, coastal reefs located northwards, and shelf reef bottoms located northeastwards and southwestwards from the deltaic clinoform. The best indicator of river influence was provided by δ13C, with values ranging between − 23 and − 19‰. The spatial distribution of δ13C shows a good agreement with the various sedimentary elements of the clinoform, reflecting the pattern of river plume expansion observed during the last decades, which is characterized by low discharges, compared to historical values. Our dense and evenly spaced sampling grid and its integration with local geological, geomorphological, and geophysical data allowed to better understand the sources and origin of organic matter and its spatial distribution in this deltaic setting.

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Acknowledgments

Drs. Michel Mahiques, Marcelo Cohen, and Ana Luiza Albuquerque provided valuable comments to an earlier version of this manuscript. Suggestions and comments by Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba and two anonymous reviewers are also appreciated. Their input greatly enhanced quality of the manuscript. JML Dominguez also thanks CNPq for a research fellowship.

Funding

This paper is a contribution of the following research grants: CAPES/PNPD (No. 2983/2010) and inctAmbTropic, CNPq/FAPESB (Nos. FAPESB, 8936/2011, and 465634/2014-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geosciences Institute, UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil

    Narayana Flora Costa Escobar, José Maria Landim Dominguez & Adriane Gonçalves de Araújo Nunes Rangel

  2. Physics Institute, UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil

    Maria do Rosário Zucchi & Antônio Expedito Gomes de Azevedo

  3. Oceanography Department, UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-103, Brazil

    Renata Cardia Rebouças

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Escobar, N.F.C., Dominguez, J.M.L., Zucchi, M.d. et al. Organic matter in the deltaic clinoform of the São Francisco River (Eastern Brazil). Geo-Mar Lett 40, 879–895 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-019-00607-w

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