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IFOSMONDI Co-simulation Algorithm with Jacobian-Free Methods in PETSc

Engineering with Computers (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Co-simulation is a widely used solution to enable global simulation of a modular system via the composition of black-boxed simulators. Among co-simulation methods, the IFOSMONDI implicit iterative algorithm, previously introduced by the authors, enables us to solve the non-linear coupling function while keeping the smoothness of interfaces without introducing a delay. Moreover, it automatically adapts the size of the steps between data exchanges among the subsystems according to the difficulty of solving the coupling constraint. The latter was solved by a fixed-point algorithm, whereas this paper introduces the Jacobian-Free Methods version. Most implementations of Newton-like methods require a jacobian matrix which, except in the Zero-Order-Hold case, can be difficult to compute in the co-simulation context. As IFOSMONDI coupling algorithm uses Hermite interpolation for smoothness enhancement, we propose hereafter a new formulation of the non-linear coupling function including both the values and the time-derivatives of the coupling variables. This formulation is well designed for solving the coupling through jacobian-free Newton-type methods. Consequently, successive function evaluations consist in multiple simulations of the systems on a co-simulation time-step using rollback. The orchestrator-workers structure of the algorithm enables us to combine the PETSc framework on the orchestrator side for the non-linear Newton-type solvers with the parallel integrations of the systems on the workers’ side thanks to MPI processes. Different non-linear methods will be compared to one another and to the original fixed-point implementation on a newly proposed 2-system academic test case with direct feedthrough on both sides. An industrial model will also be considered to investigate the performance of the method.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Camille Jordan, Université de Lyon, UMR5208 CNRS-U.Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France

    Yohan Eguillon & Damien Tromeur-Dervout

  2. Siemens Industry Software, Roanne, France

    Yohan Eguillon & Bruno Lacabanne

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  1. Yohan Eguillon
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  2. Bruno Lacabanne
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  3. Damien Tromeur-Dervout
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Correspondence to Yohan Eguillon.

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Appendix A Parameters of the PETSc non-linear solvers

Appendix A Parameters of the PETSc non-linear solvers

The JFMs mentioned in this document (see definition in Sect. 2.1) refer to PETSc non-linear solvers, so-called ’\({\texttt {SNES}}\)’ in the PETSc framework.

The parameters of these methods where the default one, except the explicitely mentioned ones. For the sake of reproducibility, the following tables recaps these options (Tables 6, 7, 8, 9). For further definition of their meaning, see [1, 2, 10].

Table 6 Parameters of the NewtonLS method
Full size table
Table 7 Parameters of the Anderson method
Full size table
Table 8 Parameters of the Ngmres method (not Ngmres with line search)
Full size table
Table 9 Parameters of the Ngmres with linsearch method
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Eguillon, Y., Lacabanne, B. & Tromeur-Dervout, D. IFOSMONDI Co-simulation Algorithm with Jacobian-Free Methods in PETSc. Engineering with Computers (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01558-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01558-6

Keywords

  • Co-simulation
  • Systems coupling
  • Coupling methods
  • Jacobian-free Newton
  • PETSc
  • Parallel integration
  • Strong coupling test case